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Chapter 28: Protists ‘Kingdom’ Protista Domain Eukarya Anything that’s not animal, plant, or fungus o Animal-, plant-, & fungi-like Most structural & functional diversity of any group Complexity o Most unicellular, some multicellular & colonial o Everything we do in single cell Dinner o Photoautotroph – photosynthetic producer o Heterotroph – ingest food particles via phagocytosis o Mixotrophy – #1 & #2 To Sex or Not To Sex? o Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission o Sexual Reproduction Animal-like (diploid organism) Plant-like (alternation of generations) Fungus-like (haploid organism) Ecological Roles o Consumers – Amoebas & paramecium o Producers – Algaes, dinoflagellates, diatoms o Decomposers – Oomycetes, cellular & plasmodial slime mold o Symbionts (mutualist & parasite) – Zooxanthellae & Hypermastigotes (in termites; digest wood) Ciliates Use cilia to move & feed Have large macronuclei & small micronuclei o Micronuclei traded during conjugation e.g. paramecium & stentor Dinoflagellates Aquatic mixotrophs & heterotrophs Major parts of marine & freshwater phytoplankton Two flagella make them spin as they move thru water e.g. red tide, zooxanthellae Diatoms Unicellular algae w/ two glass-like walls of silica Withstand great crush force Carbon sinks Major part of phytoplankton Brown Algae Largest, most complex algae Multicellular photosynthesizer Alternation of generations e.g. giant kelp, sea palm Thallus o Algal body that is plant-like o Structures: Holdfast – anchor (roots) Stipe – support (stem) Blade – photosynthesis (leaf) Red Algae Reddish in color (accessory pigment hides green chlorophyll) Mostly multicellular; largest are seaweeds Most abundant large algae in tropical coast waters Green Algae Have chloroplasts Closest protist relative to plants Most in fresh water, some marine e.g. Chlamydomonas, Volvox, & Sea Lettuce Oomycetes Water molds, white rusts, & downy mildews (former fungi) Decomposers or parasites Have filamentous hyphae facilitating nutrient uptake e.g. Phytophthora infestans Phytophthora infestans Slime Molds Former Fungi Cellular Slime Molds o Mass of cells separated by membranes o Cells feed on own, then combine to form fruiting body Plasmodial Slime Molds o Large mass of cytoplasm w/ many nuclei (one big cell) o Pseudopodia engulf dead matter Parasites Plasmodium – Cause malaria o Need Anopheles mosquito & humans to complete life cycle o ~2 mill. die each year Trypanosoma – Cause Sleeping Sickness o Need Tsetse fly & humans