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BIOL 1407 – General Biology II Review Sheet for Exam 1 Mr. Dees (please note that this is not intended to be a totally inclusive list – just a place to start) Chapter 22 Adaptations What is the primary unifying concept in Biology? Descent with modification Important People (know what they contributed to science) Aristotle Linneaus Hutton Lamarck Civier Darwin Lyell Wallace Scala naturae taxonomy hierarchical system of classification binomial nomenclature gradualism Use and disuse and Inheritance of acquired characteristics Fossil paleontology catastrophism HMS Beagle Uniformitarianism The Origin of Species - book Natural Selection as proposed by Darwin and his five observations Artificial selection Examples of experimental selection – the fish in the ponds Evidences of evolution Chapter 23-24 (parts of each) Fitness Levels of biological organization Microevolution vs macroevolution Role of genetic variation; where does genetic variation come from? Natural selection and three modes (directional, disruptive & stabilizing) Genetic drift (founder effect and Bottleneck effect) Gene flow On which level of biological organization does evolution work Speciation & allopatric vs. sympatric with examples Species defined Who is Ernst Mayr Reproductive isolation – prezygotic vs. postzygotic barriers with examples Polyploidy Adaptive radiation Gradualism Punctuated equilibrium Chapter 27 Characteristics of Domains Bacteria and Archaea Common shapes of bacteria Functions of cell wall found in most prokaryotes Gram and Gram’s stain Capsules fimbriae or pili Locomotion in prokaryotes nucleoid region prokaryotic chromosome plasmids binary fission endospores Importance of prokaryotes Heterocysts Types of symbiosis with examples bioremediation Be sure to look over the different bacteria (examples) we discussed in class as far as diseases or other human impacts are concerned – there will be examples on the test!! Chapter 28 General characteristics Taxonomy – is very confusing, so be sure you know the examples we discussed in class Three informal groups –protozoa, algae, slime/water molds -Giardia lamblia giardiasis; aka beaver - –Trichomonas vaginalis Flagella and undulating membrane Trypanosoma brucei and T. gambiense and T. cruzi Africa Sleeping sickness Chagas disease Vectors – Tse Tse Fly, blood-sucking cone-nosed bug - Plasmodium spp. (know life cycle!!) - Paramecium cilia conjugation Amoeba proteus Pseudopodium Chaos chaos Nagleria fowleri – PAM Entamoeba histolytica – Euglena - diatoms Test of silica Diatomaceous earth and its uses Kelps- examples and importance Brown algae thallus and components Red Algae –examples and importance Green algae - examples and importance Spirogyra Conjugation bridge Slime and water molds –examples Chapter 31 Major characteristics of kingdom Know the taxonomy with examples of all three phyla discussed in class Chitin General body plan of fungi – mycelium, hyphae (septate and coenocytic), fruiting body Spores Phylum Zygomycota - Rhizopus stononifer know life cycle Phylum Ascomycota - Peziza – know life cycle Phylum Basidiomycota know life cycle fairy ring importance of fungi discussed in class with examples lichens Flemming – penicillin Mycorrhizae Yeasts and fermentation