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Download Learning/Conditioning + Memory – (textbook chapters 8 + 9)
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Transcript
AP PSYCHOLOGY – Unit 5: Learning and Conditioning Textbook: Chapter 8 Key Terms and Review Questions Learning/Conditioning – Key Terms Learning Aplysia Associative Learning Conditioning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Behaviorism Ivan Pavlov John B. Watson Pavlov’s Experiments Unconditioned Response (UR or UCR) Unconditioned Stimulus (US or UCS) Conditioned Response (CR) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Acquisition Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Generalization Discrimination Predictability / Expectancy John Garcia Conditioned Taste Aversion Trauma Respondent Behavior Operant Behavior Edward L. Thorndike Law of Effect Skinner Box / Operant Chamber Shaping Reinforcement / Reinforcer Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Primary Reinforcer Conditioned / Secondary Reinforcer Reinforcement Schedule Continuous Reinforcement Partial / Intermittent Reinforcement Fixed-Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement Variable-Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement Fixed-Interval Schedule of Reinforcement Variable-Interval Schedule of Reinforcement Punishment Positive Punishment Negative Punishment Cognitive Map Latent Learning Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation Observational Learning Modeling Mirror Neurons Albert Bandura Bobo Doll Experiments Prosocial Behavior The Violence-Viewing Effect Learning / Conditioning Review Questions: 1. Describe the main differences between classical and operant conditioning. 2. Describe the connection/relationship between viewing violence in the media and exhibiting violent behavior. 3. How would you use classical conditioning to help an alcoholic stop drinking? (you must identify the UCS, UCR, CS and CR) 4. Gertrude’s parents want to get her to stop picking her nose. Give an example of both positive punishment and negative punishment that would help them reduce her nose-picking behavior. 5. Maya wants to train her cat to use the toilet instead of the litter box. Describe how she might use shaping to train her cat in five steps/stages to exhibit toilet-using behavior. 6. Dr. Hoffman wants his AP Psych students to study more. Give examples of both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement that he could use to increase his students’ studying behavior. 7. Jason’s parents and older friends all smoke, but they advise him not to. Juan’s parents and friends do not smoke, but they say nothing to deter him from doing so. Who is more likely to start smoking – Jason or Juan? (this question is from the textbook on page 347) 8. Give an example (that is NOT in the book) of each of the following reinforcement schedules: a. Fixed-ratio: b. Variable ratio: c. Fixed-interval: d. Variable-interval:
