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Transcript
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Unit 3: Genetics Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics Section 7-1 Chromosomes and Phenotype 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype KEY CONCEPT The chromosomes on which genes are located can affect the expression of traits. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype MAIN IDEAS • Two copies of each autosomal gene affect phenotype. • Males and females can differ in sex-linked traits. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Objectives • Relate dominant-recessive patterns of inheritance in autosomal chromosomes to genetic disorders. • Describe patterns of inheritance in sexlinked traits. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype VOCABULARY carrier, carrier, p. 201 sex-linked gene, p. 201 X chromosom inactivation p. 203 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Two copies of each autosomal gene affect phenotype. • Mendel studied autosomal gene traits, like hair texture. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype • Mendel’s rules of inheritance apply to autosomal genetic disorders. – A heterozygote for a recessive disorder is a carrier. – Disorders caused by dominant alleles are uncommon. (dominant) 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Males and females can differ in sex-linked traits. • Genes on sex chromosomes are called sex-linked genes. – Y chromosome genes in mammals are responsible for male characteristics. – X chromosome genes in mammals affect many traits. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype • Male mammals have an XY genotype. – All of a male’s sexlinked genes are expressed. – Males have no second copies of sex-linked genes. MAIN IDEAS 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype • Two copies of each autosomal gene affect phenotype. • Males and females can differ in sex-linked traits. VOCABULARY carrier, carrier, p. 201 sex-linked gene, sex-linked gene, p. 201 X chromosome X chromosome inactivation p. 203 MAIN IDEA Two copies of each autosomal gene affect phenotype. Objectives • Relate dominant-recessive patterns of inheritance in autosomal chromosomes to genetic disorders. • Describe patterns of inheritance in sex-linked traits. 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype • Female mammals have an XX genotype. – Expression of sex-linked genes is similar to autosomal genes in females. – X chromosome inactivation randomly “turns off” one X chromosome.
