Download Topic 2 Microscopic World I

Topic
2
Microscopic World I
Part A Unit-based exercise
11 Different atoms of an element with the same
Unit 5 Atomic structure
number of protons but different number of
All elements are made of
Elements exist in different states at room
conditions. Silver and sulphur are
bromine and mercury are
liquids
and oxygen are
.
gases
;
solids
element on the
,
metals
metalloids
and
The melting and boiling points of non-metals are
usually
low
Boron
,
silicon
Atoms consist of a
and a cloud of
and
15 In a hydrogen atom, the region in which there is
.
Decide whether each of the following statements is
true or false.
in the centre
electrons
shells
that move in
protons
and
16 At room temperature and pressure, all
metals are solids.
neutrons
17 Solid non-metals are usually dull in
appearance.
F
25 A fluorine atom contains 9 electrons.
T
26 Isotopes of an element have the same
number of protons.
T
27 Isotopes of an element have the same
mass.
F
28 The atomic number of oxygen is 8.
T
29 In an atom, the second electron shell
can hold a maximum of 10 electrons.
F
30 A calcium atom contains 3 occupied
electron shells.
F
F
Element
A
B
C
D
T
.
18 Silicon is a metalloid.
9
24 A sodium atom (11Na) contains 11
neutrons.
atomic
number of the
element.
10 The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons
in an atom equals the
mass
19 Molten sulphur is a good conductor
of electricity.
F
20 The symbol of magnesium is Ma.
F
Cl
N
Ne
S
D
34 Which of the following conbinations is
INCORRECT?
Element
A
B
C
D
State at room temperature
and pressure
Argon
Beryllium
Calcium
Phosphorus
gas
liquid
solid
solid
B
Calcium
Chlorine
Iron
Potassium
Symbol
C
Ch
Ir
K
D
32 Which of the following elements is a gas at room
temperature and pressure?
A
B
C
D
number of
the atom.
1
2
Carbon
Iron
Oxygen
Silicon
W
–200
–45
X
1 245
1 869
Y
–58
37
Z
52
114
Which of the following elements is a gas at
25 °C?
A
B
C
D
T
The number of protons in an atom of an
element equals the
A
B
C
D
Element Melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C)
31 Which of the following combinations is
correct?
.
The nucleus of an atom contains two types of
particles :
F
Multiple choice questions
germanium
nucleus
circular orbits called
8
23 All atoms contain neutrons.
True or false
are metalloids.
7
diagram.
conductors of
good
heat and electricity.
6
electron
95% chance of finding the electron is called an
.
Metals are usually
F
33 Which of the following elements is a solid at
room temperature and pressure?
35 Consider the information below:
.
14 The electronic arrangement of an atom can be
orbital
5
electronic arrangement
represented by an
.
non-metals
22 An atom of an element must
contain equal number of protons
and neutrons.
13 The way in which electrons are arranged in an
Elements can be classified into three main
groups:
4
of that element.
; chlorine
atom is its
3
C = 12.00 scale is the relative
atomic mass
Unit 5
2
Unit 5
of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an
12
T
23
12 The weighted average relative isotopic mass
.
atoms
.
Part A
1
isotopes
Part A
neutrons are
Fill in the blanks
21 The atomic number of an element
equals the number of electrons in an
atom of that element.
W
X
Y
Z
A
36 The table shows the melting points and boiling
points of four substances at 1 atm pressure.
Substance
Melting point (°C)
Boiling point (°C)
W
–189
–186
X
–110
–40
Y
–7
60
Z
–90
10
Which of the following substances exists as a
liquid at –100 °C and 1 atm pressure?
C
A
B
C
D
W
X
Y
Z
B
Which of the following solids is likely to be a
metal?
Substance Melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C)
W
–50
5
X
4
81
Y
68
104
Z
–95
69
Boron
Copper
Helium
Phosphorus
A
Ba
Be
Cs
Kr
D
41 Consider the information below:
A
B
C
D
10
10
12
12
12
12
10
10
B
Number of
protons
Number of
neutrons
Number of
electrons
A
B
C
D
51
28
23
23
23
51
28
23
51
23
23
28
A
23
11
24
12
C
28
14
D
31
15
D
50 The following table shows the relative abundance
of isotopes of lithium:
Isotope
Relative abundance (%)
6
7.4
7
92.6
Li
The relative atomic mass of lithium is
47 Which of the following particles contains the
32
same number of neutrons as 16S?
B
I and III
II and III
I and IV
II and IV
Li
C
Na
A
B
C
D
6.07.
6.93.
6.07 g.
6.93 g.
B
85
Mg
Isotope
Si
P
Relative abundance (%)
85
72.1
87
27.9
X
D
48 Which of the following combinations concerning
isotopes of an element is correct?
Number of
neutrons
Number of
protons
Number of
electrons
different
same
different
same
same
different
same
same
different
same
same
same
A
B
C
D
Number of
electrons
10
12
10
12
C
What is the relative atomic mass of X?
A
B
C
D
85.2
85.6
86.2
86.6
Melting
point
Electrical
conductivity
Solubility in
water
W
low
non-conducting
soluble
Atom
X
high
non-conducting
soluble
I
Y
high
good
insoluble
II
19
Z
very high
non-conducting
insoluble
III
20
IV
3
4
Atomic
number
Mass
number
Number of
neutrons
37
20
39
20
41
22
B
189
190
192
52 Metal X has three isotopes, X, X and X.
The graph below shows the relative abundance
of the isotopes.
49 Consider the following information of four
atoms:
A
Solid
87
51 Element X has two isotopes, X and X. The
table below lists the relative abundance of each
isotope.
X
44 The atomic number of an element X is 10. An
atom of X has a mass number 22. Which of the
following combinations concerning the atom of
X is correct?
Number of
neutrons
30
58
28
28
A
B
C
D
A An atom must have equal numbers of protons
and neutrons.
B The mass of one proton is approximately equal
to that of an electron.
C A neutron carries a small negative electrical
charge.
D A proton carries a small positive electrical
charge.
Number of
protons
Mass number
28
28
30
58
Which of the following atoms are isotopes?
46 Which of the following combinations concerning
51
the atomic structure of the atom 23X is correct?
D
40 Which of the following elements is a nonmetal?
A
B
C
D
Unit 5
A
39 W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g e l e m e n t s i s a
metalloid?
A
B
C
D
Part A
Aluminium
Carbon
Germanium
Neon
A Properties of silicon are in between metals
and non-metals.
B Silicon is brittle.
C Silicon can be used to make semiconductors.
D Silicon is soluble in water.
D
43 Which of the following statements concerning
the basic structure of an atom is correct?
38 Which of the following elements is a metal?
A
B
C
D
C
Unit 5
C
Atomic number
A
B
C
D
Part A
W only
X only
X and Z only
Y and Z only
W
X
Y
Z
42 Which of the following statements concerning
silicon is INCORRECT?
Which of the following substances is / are in liquid
state at room temperature and pressure?
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
45 An atom has 28 electrons and 30 neutrons.
Which of the following combinations concerning
the atom is correct?
3FMBUJWFBCVOEBODF
37 Consider the following information:
9
9
9
What is the relative atomic mass of X?
A
B
C
D
189.7
190.3
190.7
191.3
58 The electron diagram of an atom of element X
is shown below:
2,13.
2,8,5.
2,10,3.
2,4,8,1.
A
B
C
D
B
2,1
2,2
2,3
2,4
C
C
A
B
C
D
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
only
only
and (3) only
and (3) only
B
only
only
and (3) only
and (3) only
Number of
protons
Number of
neutrons
Number of
electrons
P
15
16
15
Q
16
16
16
A
B
C
D
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
only
only
and (3) only
and (3) only
Number of protons
A
X
Y
Z
8
8
10
Number of electrons
8
8
10
Number of neutrons
10
8
10
A
B
C
D
5
6
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
only
only
and (3) only
and (3) only
(1) and (2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)
A
67 The isotope cobalt-60 (27Co) is used to destroy
cancer cells in the human body. Which of the
60
following statements concerning a 27Co atom
are correct?
(1) It contains 33 neutrons.
(2) It contains 27 protons.
(3) The number of electrons it has is different
from another isotope of cobalt.
(1) X and Z have the same mass.
(2) X and Y are isotopes.
(3) Y and Z have the same electronic
arrangement.
A
B
C
D
B
60
Which of the following statements concerning
the particles is / are correct?
A
only
only
and (3) only
and (3) only
(1) It is a metal.
(2) Its atom has 11 protons.
(3) Its symbol is K.
Particle
D
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
66 An atom of element X has an electronic
arrangement 2,8,1. Which of the following
statements concerning X are correct?
64 Consider the information below:
(1) All metalloids are solids.
(2) Gallium is a metalloid.
(3) Metalloids cannot conduct electricity at
room temperature.
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
Atom
A
B
C
D
61 Which of the following statements concerning
metalloids is / are correct?
A
B
C
D
(1) X is a gas at room temperature and
pressure.
(2) There are 5 electrons in the outermost
shell of an atom of X.
(3) There are 15 neutrons in the nucleus of
an atom of X.
A
(1) P is an atom of a non-metal.
(2) Q is an atom of a metal.
(3) P and Q are isotopes of the same
element.
(1) Their melting points are often low.
(2) They are brittle if they are solids.
(3) They are poor conductors of heat.
(1) and (2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)
only
only
and (3) only
and (3) only
Which of the following statements concerning P
and Q is / are correct?
60 Which of the following descriptions concerning
non-metals are correct?
A
B
C
D
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
63 Consider the following information concerning
atoms P and Q:
(1) They are all solids at room conditions.
(2) They are good conductors of electricity.
(3) They are all stored in paraffin oil.
57 Which of the following represents the electronic
arrangement of an atom of a metalloid?
A
B
C
D
Cl.
P.
S.
Si.
59 Which of the following descriptions of metals is
/ are correct?
B
56 The atomic number of an element X is 15. The
electronic arrangement of an atom of X is
A
B
C
D
X could be
Unit 5
55 The atomic mass of element X is 69.7. X has two
isotopes, 69X and aX, and the relative abundance
69
of X is 65.0%. What is the value of a?
(Only electrons in the outermost shell are
shown.)
Part A
A the mass of electrons has been taken into
account.
B fractional protons exist.
C fractional neutrons exist.
D isotopes of potassium exist.
D
70
71
72
73
Which of the following statements concerning X
is / are correct?
A
B
C
D
Unit 5
D
54 The relative atomic mass of potassium is 39.1. It
is NOT a whole number because
A
B
C
D
(1) They have different number of neutrons.
(2) They have different atomic numbers.
(3) They have the same mass.
C
Part A
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
65 The atomic number of element X is 15. It has
only one isotope with a mass number 31.
9
53 Element X occurs in nature as two isotopes,
79
X and 81X. If the relative atomic mass of X is
79.9, what is the relative abundance of the 81X
isotope?
A
B
C
D
62 Which of the following statements concerning
isotopes of an element is / are correct?
B
A
B
C
D
(1) and (2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)
A
Directions :
A
B
C
D
32
71 The atomic number of sulphur (16S) is 16.
54
26
Y are isotopes.
74 The relative atomic mass of magnesium is not a
whole number.
75 Isotopes of an element have the same mass.
Atoms have the same number of protons
and electrons.
A
An atom is electrically neutral.
C
A
54
32
16
S atom contains 16 neutrons.
54
B
24X and 26Y have the same mass number
but different atomic numbers.
C
Isotopes of a given element have different
numbers of neutrons.
A
Magnesium has isotopes.
All atoms of an element contain the same
number of electrons.
Symbol
Metal / Metalloid / Non-metal
Argon
Ar
non-metal
Carbon
C
non-metal
Ca
metal
Calcium
Fluorine
F
non-metal
Germanium
Ge
metalloid
Lithium
Li
metal
Magnesium
Mg
metal
Neon
Ne
non-metal
Nitrogen
N
non-metal
Potassium
K
metal
Phosphorus
P
non-metal
Silicon
Si
metalloid
(0.5 x 24)
72 Complete the following table.
Number of
Atom
Atomic
number
Mass
number
Oxygen
8
16
16
8
O
8
8
8
Na
11
12
11
13
14
13
S
16
16
16
Cl
17
18
17
K
19
20
19
Ca
20
20
20
26
30
26
A
Symbol
Sodium
11
23
23
11
Aluminium
13
27
27
13
C
7
(20 marks)
Al
32
16
Sulphur
16
32
Chlorine
17
35
35
17
Potassium
19
39
39
19
Calcium
20
40
40
20
Iron
26
56
56
26
Fe
Part B
73 Isotopes of a given element have different
relative isotopic masses.
B
Element
Unit 5
70 The number of neutrons and that of protons
in an atom should be the same.
X and
b) classifying each element into metal, metalloid or non-metal.
Part A
69 Atoms are electrically neutral.
Carbon is a non-metal.
(12 marks)
a) filling in the names or symbols of the elements;
2nd statement
68 Carbon is a solid at room temperature and
pressure.
54
24
71 Complete the following table by
Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
Both statements are false.
1st statement
72
Short questions
Each question (Questions 68 – 75) consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each
of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second
statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D
according to the following table :
protons neutrons electrons
(0.5 x 40)
55
73 Look at the list of elements.
boron
chlorine
b) Which species in the above table is / are negatively charged?
copper
fluorine
magnesium
nickel
nitrogen
phosphorus
(1 mark)
(0.5 x 2)
Species (vi) & (viii) / nitride ion and fluoride ion
Answer the following questions. Choose all your answers from the list. Each element can be used once,
more than once or not at all.
(6 marks)
c) In which group of the periodic table should species (iii) be placed? Explain your answer.
Group IV;
(2 marks)
(1)
a) Write down the name of a greenish yellow gas.
it has 4 electrons in its outermost shell.
chlorine
(1)
(1)
d) State the relationship between species (ix) and (x).
(1 mark)
b) Write down the name of an element that forms compounds that are blue in colour.
Species (ix) is the cation of species (x) / (ix) and (x) are the ion and atom of the same element.
copper
(1)
(1)
75 a) Write down the chemical formula for each of the following compounds.
c) Write down the name of the element whose atom contains 15 protons.
phosphorus
(1)
d) Write down the name of the element whose atom has an electronic arrangement 2,5.
nitrogen
(1)
e) Write down the name of a metalloid.
boron
(1)
f) Write down the name of an element that forms ions which is green in aqueous solution.
nickel
(1)
74 a) Complete the following table.
Atomic
number
Mass
number
Number of
protons
neutrons
electrons
Electronic
arrangement
Chemical formula
Aluminium hydroxide
Al(OH)3
Ammonium dichromate
(NH4)2Cr2O7
Calcium phosphate
Ca3(PO4)2
Copper(II) chloride
CuCl2
Iron(III) oxide
Fe2O3
Magnesium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
Potassium carbonate
K2CO3
Sodium sulphite
Na2SO3
b) Write down the names of the following compounds.
i)
Beryllium atom
4
9
4
5
4
2,2
Chemical formula
Name
ii)
Neon atom
10
20
10
10
10
2,8
KHCO3
potassium hydrogencarbonate
iii) Silicon atom
14
28
14
14
14
2,8,4
Fe2(SO4)3
iron(III) sulphate
iv) Phosphorus atom
15
31
15
16
15
2,8,5
Cu(OH)2
copper(II) hydroxide
v)
19
39
19
20
18
2,8,8
Mg3N2
magnesium nitride
7
14
7
7
10
2,8
Zn(NO3)2
zinc nitrate
sodium sulphide
Potassium ion
vi) Nitride ion
vii) Magnesium ion
12
24
12
12
10
2,8
NaS
viii) Fluoride ion
9
19
9
10
10
2,8
Al2O3
aluminium oxide
ix) Sodium ion
11
23
11
12
10
2,8
AgCl
silver chloride
x)
11
23
11
12
11
2,8,1
Sodium atom
(1 x 8)
Part B
Part B
Species
(20 marks)
Name
(8 marks)
(8 marks)
(1 x 8)
(0.5 x 40)
56
57
76 Complete the following table.
(21 marks)
Cation
Anion
Compound
Name
Formula
Name
Formula
Name
Formula
Colour of
aqueous
solution
ammonium
NH4+
carbonate
CO32–
ammonium carbonate
(NH4)2CO3
colourless
nitrate
NO3–
copper(II) nitrate
Cu(NO3)2
blue
sulphate
SO42–
iron(II) sulphate
FeSO4
pale green
permanganate
MnO4
potassium permanganate
KMnO4
purple
copper(II)
Cu
2+
iron(II)
Fe2+
potassium
K
nickel(II)
Ni2+
chloride
Cl–
nickel(II) chloride
NiCl2
green
aluminium
Al3+
iodide
I–
aluminium iodide
All3
colourless
+
3+
+
ii) Magnesium and nitrogen
–
–
.H
m
/
/
.H
.H
.H
m
chromium(III)
Cr
chloride
Cl
chromium(III) chloride
CrCl3
green
sodium
Na
dichromate
Cr2O72–
sodium dichromate
Na2Cr2O7
orange
zinc
Zn2+
bromide
Br–
zinc bromide
ZnBr2
colourless
/
.H
/
.H
(1)
(0.5 x 42)
77 a) Use an electron diagram to show the electron transfer when each of the following pairs of elements
combine, showing electrons in the outermost shells only.
(3 marks)
i) Calcium and chlorine
iii) Sodium and sulphur
/B
Part B
Part B
4
4
$M
$M
m
/B
m
/B
/B
(1)
$B
$B
m
$M
b) Use an electron diagram to show the sharing of electrons when each of the following pairs of elements
combine, showing electrons in the outermost shells only.
(3 marks)
$M
(1)
i) Phosphorus and chlorine
$M
1
$M
$M
(1)
58
59
ii) Oxygen and hydrogen
0
)
)
)
0
)
(1)
iii) Chlorine and fluorine
$M
'
$M
'
(1)
78 Calculate the formula masses or relative molecular masses of the following substances.
Part B
Substance
Chemical formula
Relative atomic
mass(es)
Formula mass /
relative molecular
mass
Oxygen
O2
O = 16.0
32.0
Carbon dioxide
CO2
C = 12.0
O = 16.0
44.0
Potassium nitrate
KNO3
N = 14.0
O = 16.0
K = 39.1
101.1
Calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
H = 1.0
O = 16.0
Ca = 40.1
74.1
Iron(III) sulphate
Fe2(SO4)3
O = 16.0
S = 32.1
Fe = 55.8
399.9
(5 marks)
(1 x 5)
79 Phosphorus and nitrogen are in Group V of the periodic table and both elements form hydrides. Phosphine,
+
PH3, reacts to form phosphonium ions, PH4 , in a way similar to that by which ammonia, NH3, forms ammonium
+
ions, NH4 .
a) Give the name of the type of bond formed when PH3 reacts with an H+ ion.
Dative covalent bond
60
(1 mark)
(1)