Download Science 8 Unit 1- Chapter 2 Oceans are important because: 1

Science 8
Unit 1- Chapter 2
Oceans are important because:
1. Primary source for the _____water cycle___
2. Have a major influence on weather and _climate_
3. Support diverse life
4. Provide humans with food, minerals, and other resources_
The 5 major oceans are:
1.
Atlantic
2.
Pacific
4.
Arctic
5. Southern
3. Indian
4 Factors that formed the oceans
1. Tectonic Plates
 Tectonic plates are slow moving sections of rock that flow over a layer of _magma__
 the surface of the earth is made up of tectonic plates
 Tectonic plates _seperating__ formed the oceans we know today
2. Volcanic Action
 Water trapped in volcanic materials was released as _water vapour__

It cooled, condensed and fell back to the earth.

This water collected in the lowest parts of the Earth’s surface...the ocean basins_

Volcanic activity continues to occur at ocean ridges, spreading tectonic plates apart and
adding new material to the sea floor
3. Erosion
 Erosion is a type of weathering in which surface soil and rock are worn away through the action of
glaciers, water, and wind

Has aided the further development of continental drainage systems as material is removed
and deposited into ocean basins
4. Glaciation
 Glaciers move materials towards the ocean and also cause erosion
Science 8
Unit 1- Chapter 2
Components of the Ocean Floor
Continental margin
 the area between the shoreline and the ocean basin
 includes the continental shelf and continental slope
Continental shelf: the submerged part of the continent between the shoreline and slope
Continental slope: The slope between the continental shelf and the deep ocean floor
Abyssal Plain: Wide, open plains (flat areas) on the deep sea floor

Formed of thick deposits of sediments
Mid Ocean Ridge: Long, undersea mountain chains formed from volcanic eruptions

They are a result of magma that has oozed up between
plates and then hardened
Draw and label a diagram showing these components from coastal shoreline to mid-ocean ridge.
Include:
 Continental shelf
 Continental slope
 Abyssal Plain
 Mid-ocean ridge
*See pgs 41-43
Science 8
Unit 1- Chapter 2
Ocean Currents: A continuous and directional__ movement of ocean water

There are 2 types of ocean currents; surface currents and deep currents
Deep ocean currents are caused by temperature differences___& _salinity differences___
2 currents important to Newfoundland and Labrador are:
1. The Labrador Current (_cold_ water)
2. The Gulf Stream (warm_water)

When the cold air above the Labrador Current meets the warm
air above the Gulf Stream, the warm air cools, condenses and
forms fog
Ocean Wave: a disturbance on the surface of the ocean that transmits energy

waves are typically caused by _wind__
Type
Swell
Describe
Smooth waves caused by wind and storms
far out in the ocean
Breaker
the tumble of water when a wave collapses
onshore
Tsunamis
-giant waves caused by earthquakes,
landslides or volcanic eruptions
-Can be very destructive
Sketch
x
Tides: The slow rise and fall of the ocean


The upper and lower edges of a beach are determined by the high and low _tide marks_
tides are caused by _the gravitational pull of the moon_
Tidal Range: The difference in level between a high and a low tide
Occurs when..
Spring
Tide
Neap
Tide
the Earth, Sun and
Moon are _in line__
the Sun and the Moon
are at right angles to
one another
Causes..
Increased tidal
range
-extra high and low
tides
Decreased tidal
range
-little difference
between low and
high tides
Draw
Science 8
Unit 1- Chapter 2
Shaping Our Shorelines
•
Waves have the power to erode and deposit sediments on the shore.
•
Tides work with waves to determine the range of shoreline that can be affected by
wave action.
Factors that affect the interaction of waves and tides on the shorelines are:
1. Slope of the shoreline
3. Type of rock material
2.Shape of the shoreline
4.Wave energy
Wave energy is concentrated at headlands and spread out at bays
Think-Pair-Share...
 write down two-three points
 get together with a partner and discuss
 share with the class
How can coastal communities minimize the damage to shoreline property due to waves and
tides?