The monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean
... In this paper, we review observations, theory and model results on the monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean. We begin with a general overview, discussing wind-stress forcing fields and their anomalies, climatological distributions of stratification, mixed-layer depths, altimetric sea-level distri ...
... In this paper, we review observations, theory and model results on the monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean. We begin with a general overview, discussing wind-stress forcing fields and their anomalies, climatological distributions of stratification, mixed-layer depths, altimetric sea-level distri ...
TSUNAMI HISTORY - RECORDED V.K.Gusiakov Tsunami
... (Pararas-Caraynnis, 1991). However, at that time, the ITIC efforts were not sufficiently supported both financially and conceptually. Also, few tsunami data were available in the computer readable form. Therefore, the progress in further data collection was slow, and the proposed format did not beco ...
... (Pararas-Caraynnis, 1991). However, at that time, the ITIC efforts were not sufficiently supported both financially and conceptually. Also, few tsunami data were available in the computer readable form. Therefore, the progress in further data collection was slow, and the proposed format did not beco ...
Tsunami Science and Hazard - Manual
... several centimeters (1 foot [ft]) or less) and will not be detected by ships due to its long wave period. Tsunami wavelengths are hundreds of times greater in size when compared to ocean depth. Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive waves. Tsunami wave shape changes as it approaches shor ...
... several centimeters (1 foot [ft]) or less) and will not be detected by ships due to its long wave period. Tsunami wavelengths are hundreds of times greater in size when compared to ocean depth. Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive waves. Tsunami wave shape changes as it approaches shor ...
Earth`s interior and tectonic plates notes
... QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
... QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
Earthquakes and Earth`s Interior
... earthquake. The earthquake lasted over 8 minutes, an unusually long duration. The earthquake started at a depth of 30 km (19 mi) and ruptured all the way up to the seafloor. It lifted a large section of seafloor several meters in height, displacing tens of cubic kilometers of seawater, which spread ou ...
... earthquake. The earthquake lasted over 8 minutes, an unusually long duration. The earthquake started at a depth of 30 km (19 mi) and ruptured all the way up to the seafloor. It lifted a large section of seafloor several meters in height, displacing tens of cubic kilometers of seawater, which spread ou ...
Resolving the lithosphereasthenosphere boundary with seismic
... Seismic surface wave measurements offer tight constraints on shear wave speed values within the lithosphere and asthenosphere. It is still a matter of debate, however, how accurately and under what conditions surface waves can resolve the depth and thickness of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary ...
... Seismic surface wave measurements offer tight constraints on shear wave speed values within the lithosphere and asthenosphere. It is still a matter of debate, however, how accurately and under what conditions surface waves can resolve the depth and thickness of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary ...
Resource Data and GIS Tool
... Figure 37: Mediterranean and Black Seas Region: All Ports Map from GIS (Source: RSE) .............................. 62 Figure 38: Atlantic Ocean Region: All Ports Map from GIS (Source: RSE) ....................................................... 63 Figure 39: North and Black Seas: Cities GIS Map (So ...
... Figure 37: Mediterranean and Black Seas Region: All Ports Map from GIS (Source: RSE) .............................. 62 Figure 38: Atlantic Ocean Region: All Ports Map from GIS (Source: RSE) ....................................................... 63 Figure 39: North and Black Seas: Cities GIS Map (So ...
Comparison of SSM/I and Buoy-Measured Wind Speeds
... In the remainder of this report, we will refer to wind speeds corrected to 10 m by the first method as ‘log corrected’ and those converted to 10 m neutral stability wind speed by the second method as ‘Liu corrected’. To show typical magnitudes of these corrections, we plot in Figure 1 the difference ...
... In the remainder of this report, we will refer to wind speeds corrected to 10 m by the first method as ‘log corrected’ and those converted to 10 m neutral stability wind speed by the second method as ‘Liu corrected’. To show typical magnitudes of these corrections, we plot in Figure 1 the difference ...
Hydraulic/Shock-Jumps in Protoplanetary Disks
... For the following discussion, consider the point of view from inside the corotation radius of the spiral shock. The development of breaking waves can be understood by recognizing two effects: When the gas crosses the shock front, the shock-normal component of a fluid element’s velocity will be dimin ...
... For the following discussion, consider the point of view from inside the corotation radius of the spiral shock. The development of breaking waves can be understood by recognizing two effects: When the gas crosses the shock front, the shock-normal component of a fluid element’s velocity will be dimin ...
Conflict of Interest
... Apart from wind availability, distance from shore and water depth are currently the most important technical and financial constraints in the selection of sites for OWF development. As distance from shore and bottom depth increase, the costs of underwater electrical grid connections, installation an ...
... Apart from wind availability, distance from shore and water depth are currently the most important technical and financial constraints in the selection of sites for OWF development. As distance from shore and bottom depth increase, the costs of underwater electrical grid connections, installation an ...
Oceanography 1 Workbook Instructor: Katryn Wiese - FOG
... engage in person 3 hours per week. For online, it’s more challenging because your engagement is virtual through online discussion forums. I HIGHLY encourage ALL students to create face-to-face study groups (either using S45 study sessions or local coffee shops and library rooms). Suggestions: to ens ...
... engage in person 3 hours per week. For online, it’s more challenging because your engagement is virtual through online discussion forums. I HIGHLY encourage ALL students to create face-to-face study groups (either using S45 study sessions or local coffee shops and library rooms). Suggestions: to ens ...
Fucus at open and complex coastlines in the Baltic Sea
... Studies have been carried out in two quite different environments: an archipelago, and an open rocky coast. The archipelago has an extremely long coastline with a heterogeneous submerged landscape of different substrate types, slopes, water qualities, and degrees of wave exposure. The factors influe ...
... Studies have been carried out in two quite different environments: an archipelago, and an open rocky coast. The archipelago has an extremely long coastline with a heterogeneous submerged landscape of different substrate types, slopes, water qualities, and degrees of wave exposure. The factors influe ...
The Role of Upstream Waves and a Downstream Density Pool in the
... velocity and density show that the flow during ebb and flood tides is quite different: a large lee wave develops early in flood tide, whereas lee-wave growth is suppressed until the second half of ebb tide. There is a large upstream response that displaces as much water as accumulates in the lee wav ...
... velocity and density show that the flow during ebb and flood tides is quite different: a large lee wave develops early in flood tide, whereas lee-wave growth is suppressed until the second half of ebb tide. There is a large upstream response that displaces as much water as accumulates in the lee wav ...
DESIGN OF OFFSHORE PIPELINE(HE801)
... 1. Explain with neat skecth how the lift force changes with passing wave crest? 2. Explain in detail with neat sketch how the lift force changes with wave profile? 3. Explain in detail with neat sketch changes in lift force with increasing bottom clearances. 4. Draw the definition of sketch for hydr ...
... 1. Explain with neat skecth how the lift force changes with passing wave crest? 2. Explain in detail with neat sketch how the lift force changes with wave profile? 3. Explain in detail with neat sketch changes in lift force with increasing bottom clearances. 4. Draw the definition of sketch for hydr ...
Tsunami background reading
... wave height can grow significantly – up to several metres. It is not so much this movement of water but the energy moving through it that makes tsunami so dangerous. This is when the potential for inundation of normally dry land occurs. Dangerous rips and currents A relatively small tsunami may stil ...
... wave height can grow significantly – up to several metres. It is not so much this movement of water but the energy moving through it that makes tsunami so dangerous. This is when the potential for inundation of normally dry land occurs. Dangerous rips and currents A relatively small tsunami may stil ...
tsunamis - Cairns Regional Council
... motion in the water to depths of 150 metres. These waves may cause motion without inundating normally dry land areas. If you click on the animations below you can see how the motion of a wind swell wave differs from that of a tsunami. Tsunamis have extremely long wavelengths, up to hundreds of kilom ...
... motion in the water to depths of 150 metres. These waves may cause motion without inundating normally dry land areas. If you click on the animations below you can see how the motion of a wind swell wave differs from that of a tsunami. Tsunamis have extremely long wavelengths, up to hundreds of kilom ...
Vortex Generation by Topography in Locally Unstable Baroclinic
... the horizontal velocities are independent of depth. For simplicity we consider two layers of equal depth H1 5 H 2 5 H. Let U be the characteristic velocity associated with the vertical shear of the zonal current and L R the internal Rossby deformation radius defined as ...
... the horizontal velocities are independent of depth. For simplicity we consider two layers of equal depth H1 5 H 2 5 H. Let U be the characteristic velocity associated with the vertical shear of the zonal current and L R the internal Rossby deformation radius defined as ...
Empirical Terrain Models for Surface Wind and Air Temperature over
... months, and for different intensities of large-scale pressure gradients. Large areas of the island are sparsely covered by the operational network of weather stations, with some neighbouring stations separated by tens of kilometres. Although differences in monthly averages between these locations us ...
... months, and for different intensities of large-scale pressure gradients. Large areas of the island are sparsely covered by the operational network of weather stations, with some neighbouring stations separated by tens of kilometres. Although differences in monthly averages between these locations us ...
earth science 140 - College of DuPage
... List and describe the processes used to minimize beach erosion and their consequences. These techniques are not limited to protecting beaches along coastlines. In what other water environments might these erosion mitigation processes be employed? ...
... List and describe the processes used to minimize beach erosion and their consequences. These techniques are not limited to protecting beaches along coastlines. In what other water environments might these erosion mitigation processes be employed? ...
Tides, lecture 9
... the forces that affect the position of its surface – i.e. the oceans surface is always in equilibrium (balance) with the forces acting on it. ...
... the forces that affect the position of its surface – i.e. the oceans surface is always in equilibrium (balance) with the forces acting on it. ...
Tidal forcing, energetics, and mixing near the
... the critical latitude the wave equation changes form from hyperbolic to elliptic, and no progressive linear plane wave solution is allowed (Vlasenko et al., 2005). The solution is evanescent, exists locally where the barotropic-to-baroclinic energy conversion occurs, and decays exponentially in the ...
... the critical latitude the wave equation changes form from hyperbolic to elliptic, and no progressive linear plane wave solution is allowed (Vlasenko et al., 2005). The solution is evanescent, exists locally where the barotropic-to-baroclinic energy conversion occurs, and decays exponentially in the ...
Seismology - Università degli studi di Trieste
... Records of strong earthquakes and small events from near-by epicentral regions, Results of geological surveys ... Seismology I - Introduction ...
... Records of strong earthquakes and small events from near-by epicentral regions, Results of geological surveys ... Seismology I - Introduction ...
Guide to satellite remote sensing of the marine environment
... measurements while scanning microwave radiometers had been flown on Nimbus 5 and 6. In the meantime, synthetic aperture radars were being developed and flown on aircraft. Seasat brought them all together, providing the first satellite SAR, together with improved versions of the radar altimeter, scat ...
... measurements while scanning microwave radiometers had been flown on Nimbus 5 and 6. In the meantime, synthetic aperture radars were being developed and flown on aircraft. Seasat brought them all together, providing the first satellite SAR, together with improved versions of the radar altimeter, scat ...
pdf - Wiley Online Library
... where rpot is potential density. It was already pointed out by Lynn and Reid [1968] that the gradient of potential density underestimates the strength of the stability, especially in the deep western Atlantic Ocean, even to the point where it suggests instability when, in fact, the water column is s ...
... where rpot is potential density. It was already pointed out by Lynn and Reid [1968] that the gradient of potential density underestimates the strength of the stability, especially in the deep western Atlantic Ocean, even to the point where it suggests instability when, in fact, the water column is s ...
Renewable Energies from the Ocean.pdf
... According to Hsu et al. (21), based on the evaluation of nine fetch-limited wind–wave interaction formulas, that provided by Donelan et al. (24) ranked best as follows: ...
... According to Hsu et al. (21), based on the evaluation of nine fetch-limited wind–wave interaction formulas, that provided by Donelan et al. (24) ranked best as follows: ...
Wind wave
In fluid dynamics, wind waves, or wind-generated waves, are surface waves that occur on the free surface of oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and canals or even on small puddles and ponds. They result from the wind blowing over an area of fluid surface. Waves in the oceans can travel thousands of miles before reaching land. Wind waves range in size from small ripples, to waves over 100 ft (30 m) high.When directly generated and affected by local winds, a wind wave system is called a wind sea. After the wind ceases to blow, wind waves are called swells. More generally, a swell consists of wind-generated waves that are not significantly affected by the local wind at that time. They have been generated elsewhere or some time ago. Wind waves in the ocean are called ocean surface waves.Wind waves have a certain amount of randomness: subsequent waves differ in height, duration, and shape with limited predictability. They can be described as a stochastic process, in combination with the physics governing their generation, growth, propagation and decay—as well as governing the interdependence between flow quantities such as: the water surface movements, flow velocities and water pressure. The key statistics of wind waves (both seas and swells) in evolving sea states can be predicted with wind wave models.Although waves are usually considered in the water seas of Earth, the hydrocarbon seas of Titan may also have wind-driven waves.