Operational Earthquake Forecasting
... earthquake damage, because they guide earthquake safety provisions of building codes, performance-based seismic design, and other risk-reducing engineering practices, such as retrofitting to correct design flaws in older buildings. Short-term forecasting of aftershocks is practiced by several countr ...
... earthquake damage, because they guide earthquake safety provisions of building codes, performance-based seismic design, and other risk-reducing engineering practices, such as retrofitting to correct design flaws in older buildings. Short-term forecasting of aftershocks is practiced by several countr ...
Subducted seafloor relief stops rupture in South American great
... segmentation, the statistical significance of these observations had hitherto not been ...
... segmentation, the statistical significance of these observations had hitherto not been ...
Source mechanisms of dike-induced earthquakes in the Dabbahu
... almost the same. Fig. 2 shows sample waveform fits and associated DVMT and FMT solution parameters for events 6, 16 and 23, which illustrates the fits obtained for different numbers of stations used. Since the DC, DC + ISO and DVMT models are all represented by five independent moment tensor element ...
... almost the same. Fig. 2 shows sample waveform fits and associated DVMT and FMT solution parameters for events 6, 16 and 23, which illustrates the fits obtained for different numbers of stations used. Since the DC, DC + ISO and DVMT models are all represented by five independent moment tensor element ...
Are earthquakes predictable? - San Andreas UCLA Seismic
... specification of the probability. Since almost all the putative prediction methods are still very preliminary, this is the usual form of prediction. An example of such a forecast is the M8 algorithm (Keilis-Borok et a!. 1988; Keilis-Borok & Kossobokov 1990), which identifies intervals of ‘times of i ...
... specification of the probability. Since almost all the putative prediction methods are still very preliminary, this is the usual form of prediction. An example of such a forecast is the M8 algorithm (Keilis-Borok et a!. 1988; Keilis-Borok & Kossobokov 1990), which identifies intervals of ‘times of i ...
Landslides, earthquakes, and erosion
... before doing this, we examine the relationship of earthquakes to landslides. ...
... before doing this, we examine the relationship of earthquakes to landslides. ...
Repeating earthquakes in the Yellowstone volcanic field
... Multiplets are generally used to investigate the main seismogenic structures (Got and Okubo, 2003; Massin et al., 2011) whereas our principal objective was to evaluate the multiplet-rupture modes in Yellowstone earthquakes using multiplet seismic cycle, ground deformation, and swarm modeling of the ...
... Multiplets are generally used to investigate the main seismogenic structures (Got and Okubo, 2003; Massin et al., 2011) whereas our principal objective was to evaluate the multiplet-rupture modes in Yellowstone earthquakes using multiplet seismic cycle, ground deformation, and swarm modeling of the ...
Detailed rupture imaging of the 25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake
... the apparent rupture velocity is 4.6 km/s, which is faster than the local S wave velocity [Laske et al., 2013]. The rupture velocity during Stage 3 would be ∼2 km/s if it followed the direct path shown in Figure 2. However, we cannot constrain the rupture behavior outside of the times of large radia ...
... the apparent rupture velocity is 4.6 km/s, which is faster than the local S wave velocity [Laske et al., 2013]. The rupture velocity during Stage 3 would be ∼2 km/s if it followed the direct path shown in Figure 2. However, we cannot constrain the rupture behavior outside of the times of large radia ...
Chapter 01 - Earthquakes
... parts of Australasia (e.g. Australia) have lower earthquake hazard but higher vulnerability due to lower seismic building codes, such that a ‘rare’ earthquake could inflict significantly more damage than an equivalent event in New Zealand. Other parts of Australasia have high hazard, high exposure a ...
... parts of Australasia (e.g. Australia) have lower earthquake hazard but higher vulnerability due to lower seismic building codes, such that a ‘rare’ earthquake could inflict significantly more damage than an equivalent event in New Zealand. Other parts of Australasia have high hazard, high exposure a ...
Dynamic triggering: The effects of remote earthquakes on volcanoes
... Plenty of observations prove static stress transfer, yet it is only effective within regional distances, that is up to approximately one fault length from the triggering earthquake [Toda et al., 2011]. This limits the range of static stress triggering to several hundred kilometers even for large Mw ...
... Plenty of observations prove static stress transfer, yet it is only effective within regional distances, that is up to approximately one fault length from the triggering earthquake [Toda et al., 2011]. This limits the range of static stress triggering to several hundred kilometers even for large Mw ...
Distribution Characteristics of Geohazards Induced by the Lushan
... ABSTRACT: The Lushan Earthquake induced a large number of geohazards. They are widely distributed and caused serious damages. The basic characteristics, formation mechanisms and typical cases of geohazards induced by Lushan Earthquake are described, and compares to the relationships of Lushan and We ...
... ABSTRACT: The Lushan Earthquake induced a large number of geohazards. They are widely distributed and caused serious damages. The basic characteristics, formation mechanisms and typical cases of geohazards induced by Lushan Earthquake are described, and compares to the relationships of Lushan and We ...
Slab pull, slab weakening, and their relation to deep intraslab
... guiding stresses within the slab [Christova and Scholz, 2003; Conrad et al., 2004]. Hence we might expect a relationship between slabs that are able to transfer stress effectively to the surface (i.e. having strong plate-slab attachment) and the frequency and magnitude of intermediate and deep focus ...
... guiding stresses within the slab [Christova and Scholz, 2003; Conrad et al., 2004]. Hence we might expect a relationship between slabs that are able to transfer stress effectively to the surface (i.e. having strong plate-slab attachment) and the frequency and magnitude of intermediate and deep focus ...
Walla Walla County Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Analysis
... Two earthquakes were felt in Walla Walla County in November 1991 and July 1992. They were centered about five miles south of Walla Walla and measured 4.3 and 4.1 on the Richter scale.Minor earthquakes occur frequently in and near Walla Walla County. Although many are not felt, the historical occurre ...
... Two earthquakes were felt in Walla Walla County in November 1991 and July 1992. They were centered about five miles south of Walla Walla and measured 4.3 and 4.1 on the Richter scale.Minor earthquakes occur frequently in and near Walla Walla County. Although many are not felt, the historical occurre ...
Constraints on the source parameters of low
... For each family, we select all relocated earthquakes [Waldhauser and Schaff, 2008; Thurber et al., 2004] with hypocenters at a distance of less than 3 km from the respective LFE family and with catalog magnitudes of 1.4 or below. We also included two aftershocks of an M 2.1 event with a focal mechan ...
... For each family, we select all relocated earthquakes [Waldhauser and Schaff, 2008; Thurber et al., 2004] with hypocenters at a distance of less than 3 km from the respective LFE family and with catalog magnitudes of 1.4 or below. We also included two aftershocks of an M 2.1 event with a focal mechan ...
PDF - GFZpublic
... with pressure defined positive. The equation implies that regional faults that lie in areas of ...
... with pressure defined positive. The equation implies that regional faults that lie in areas of ...
ARTICLES - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
... component of the slip budget on strike-slip faults in the San Francisco Bay area23 and on megathrust faults along subduction plate boundaries in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States24 and in Japan25. How seismic and aseismic slip are distributed over a fault and how much and where aseis ...
... component of the slip budget on strike-slip faults in the San Francisco Bay area23 and on megathrust faults along subduction plate boundaries in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States24 and in Japan25. How seismic and aseismic slip are distributed over a fault and how much and where aseis ...
report
... estimate the magnitude and frequency of relatively recent (Latest Quaternary) earthquakes on faults within the seismic zone. By studying paleoliquefaction features, insights can be gained into the magnitude, timing, and locations (all with inherent uncertainties) of moderate-to-large paleoearthquake ...
... estimate the magnitude and frequency of relatively recent (Latest Quaternary) earthquakes on faults within the seismic zone. By studying paleoliquefaction features, insights can be gained into the magnitude, timing, and locations (all with inherent uncertainties) of moderate-to-large paleoearthquake ...
Testing earthquake predictions
... measures of earthquake size, including several definitions of “magnitude.” An earthquake catalog is a list of the estimated foci, times, and magnitudes of earthquakes found by a given authority, such as the U.S. Geological Survey. Earthquake catalogs are incomplete below some magnitude (left-censored ...
... measures of earthquake size, including several definitions of “magnitude.” An earthquake catalog is a list of the estimated foci, times, and magnitudes of earthquakes found by a given authority, such as the U.S. Geological Survey. Earthquake catalogs are incomplete below some magnitude (left-censored ...
Seismotectonic modeling of the repeating Katsuhiko Ishibashi
... Odawara earthquakes from the viewpoint of plate tectonics. He proposed a working hypothesis, through investigations of the 1923 Kanto earthquake, historical Odawara earthquakes and crustal movements around Odawara, that a NS-striking and westerly-dipping low-angle thrust within the PHS plate (‘West- ...
... Odawara earthquakes from the viewpoint of plate tectonics. He proposed a working hypothesis, through investigations of the 1923 Kanto earthquake, historical Odawara earthquakes and crustal movements around Odawara, that a NS-striking and westerly-dipping low-angle thrust within the PHS plate (‘West- ...
Quantitative analysis of fault zone
... The grid-search method uses accurately picked P arrivals and S–P times and determines locations by minimizing the L2 norm of traveltime residuals between observed data and synthetic calculations. The latter are produced by a 1-D velocity model for the region near the Landers rupture zone (Hauksson e ...
... The grid-search method uses accurately picked P arrivals and S–P times and determines locations by minimizing the L2 norm of traveltime residuals between observed data and synthetic calculations. The latter are produced by a 1-D velocity model for the region near the Landers rupture zone (Hauksson e ...
Upper mantle anisotropy beneath Australia and Tahiti from P
... [6] Possible causes of deviations from radial polarization are the following: [7] 1. For sensor misorientation, if the horizontal components are not correctly aligned with the geographic north and east, there will be a constant offset between the polarization and the great circle azimuth, independen ...
... [6] Possible causes of deviations from radial polarization are the following: [7] 1. For sensor misorientation, if the horizontal components are not correctly aligned with the geographic north and east, there will be a constant offset between the polarization and the great circle azimuth, independen ...
To be submitted to either SDEE or BEE or SRL - EMCA-GEM
... attempt to construct a seismic zoning map, where the expected surface shaking is expressed in terms of isoseimal lines for different intensities date back to 1933 (Mushketov, 1933; Savarensky, 1968). In 1978, a general seismic zoning (GSZ) map was released for the former Soviet Union territory (Bune ...
... attempt to construct a seismic zoning map, where the expected surface shaking is expressed in terms of isoseimal lines for different intensities date back to 1933 (Mushketov, 1933; Savarensky, 1968). In 1978, a general seismic zoning (GSZ) map was released for the former Soviet Union territory (Bune ...
Aruba Network
... •Pueblo Nuevo Fault on the Peninsula of Paraguana, lying about 50 km south from Aruba, has a seismic potential to generate an earthquake of magnitude 6.6 and a return period of some 2300 years. •Cuiza Fault Nothwestern Venezuela and Northeastern Colombia, some 120 km southwest of Aruba, has a capabi ...
... •Pueblo Nuevo Fault on the Peninsula of Paraguana, lying about 50 km south from Aruba, has a seismic potential to generate an earthquake of magnitude 6.6 and a return period of some 2300 years. •Cuiza Fault Nothwestern Venezuela and Northeastern Colombia, some 120 km southwest of Aruba, has a capabi ...
Oceanography 1 Workbook Instructor: Katryn Wiese - FOG
... engage in person 3 hours per week. For online, it’s more challenging because your engagement is virtual through online discussion forums. I HIGHLY encourage ALL students to create face-to-face study groups (either using S45 study sessions or local coffee shops and library rooms). Suggestions: to ens ...
... engage in person 3 hours per week. For online, it’s more challenging because your engagement is virtual through online discussion forums. I HIGHLY encourage ALL students to create face-to-face study groups (either using S45 study sessions or local coffee shops and library rooms). Suggestions: to ens ...
Chapter 1: Seismic Wave Attenuation
... being a transverse wave is polarized in two perpendicular planes, the vertically polarized components, Sv and the horizontally polarized components, SH. These two components are identical in the case of an isotropic medium but are separate components travelling at different speeds if the medium not ...
... being a transverse wave is polarized in two perpendicular planes, the vertically polarized components, Sv and the horizontally polarized components, SH. These two components are identical in the case of an isotropic medium but are separate components travelling at different speeds if the medium not ...
Velocity increase in the uppermost oceanic crust of subducting
... Philippine Sea plate. The distinct trapped P waves observed by the dense seismic network of the Kanto-Tokai region, Japan, did not show any apparent peak delay and frequency-dependent dispersion. These observations suggested that the oceanic crust around the source depths was characterized by a homo ...
... Philippine Sea plate. The distinct trapped P waves observed by the dense seismic network of the Kanto-Tokai region, Japan, did not show any apparent peak delay and frequency-dependent dispersion. These observations suggested that the oceanic crust around the source depths was characterized by a homo ...
Tsunami
A tsunami (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. ""harbor wave"";English pronunciation: /tsuːˈnɑːmi/), also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. In being generated by the displacement of water, a tsunami contrasts both with a normal ocean wave generated by wind and with tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on bodies of water.Tsunami waves do not resemble normal sea waves, because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this reason they are often referred to as tidal waves, although this usage is not favored by the scientific community because tsunamis are not tidal in nature. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called ""wave train"". Wave heights of tens of meters can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can affect entire ocean basins; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.The Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his late-5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War, that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the understanding of a tsunami's nature remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include trying to determine why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; trying to accurately forecast the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and also to forecast how tsunami waves would interact with specific shorelines.