P from the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake Masatoshi Miyazawa
... Large-amplitude surface waves from the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake triggered many seismic events across Japan, while the smaller amplitude P-wave triggering remains unclear. A spectral method was used to detect seismic events triggered by the first arriving P-waves over Japan. This method uses a refe ...
... Large-amplitude surface waves from the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake triggered many seismic events across Japan, while the smaller amplitude P-wave triggering remains unclear. A spectral method was used to detect seismic events triggered by the first arriving P-waves over Japan. This method uses a refe ...
Annual report 2005 (of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic
... This Annual Report will describe how we are working towards this goal by updating you on just a few of our activities during the past year. A year of building consensus Since 1965 the IOC of UNESCO has been supporting the Tsunami Warning System in the Pacific. It is one of the most successful interna ...
... This Annual Report will describe how we are working towards this goal by updating you on just a few of our activities during the past year. A year of building consensus Since 1965 the IOC of UNESCO has been supporting the Tsunami Warning System in the Pacific. It is one of the most successful interna ...
Seismogeodynamics of Lineament Structures in the Mountainous
... Dagh inclusive, where it crosses the longitudinal Crimea–Kopet Dagh profile (4). The segment next in seismic potential is located at the intersection of this profile with the South Tien Shan profile (5), where three Gazli earthquakes (M = 7.0, 7.3, and 7.2) occurred in 1976 and 1984 in the same sour ...
... Dagh inclusive, where it crosses the longitudinal Crimea–Kopet Dagh profile (4). The segment next in seismic potential is located at the intersection of this profile with the South Tien Shan profile (5), where three Gazli earthquakes (M = 7.0, 7.3, and 7.2) occurred in 1976 and 1984 in the same sour ...
THE NATURE OF SEISMICITY PATTERNS BEFORE LARGE
... the form of background small earthquakes. If the frequency distribution of the strength of the subf aults has a sharp peak, a precursory swarm occurs. By this time, most of the subfaults in the weak zone are broken and the fault plane becomes seismically quiet. As the tectonic stress increases furth ...
... the form of background small earthquakes. If the frequency distribution of the strength of the subf aults has a sharp peak, a precursory swarm occurs. By this time, most of the subfaults in the weak zone are broken and the fault plane becomes seismically quiet. As the tectonic stress increases furth ...
Chapter 14
... Tie to Prior Knowledge x, v, a, and T The students use concepts of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, and period introduced in previous chapters to analyze simple harmonic motion. ...
... Tie to Prior Knowledge x, v, a, and T The students use concepts of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, and period introduced in previous chapters to analyze simple harmonic motion. ...
Earthquakes: Risk, Detection, Warning, and Research
... A single large earthquake, however, can cause far more damage than the average annual estimate. The 1994 Northridge (CA) earthquake caused as much as $26 billion (in 2005 dollars) in damage and was one of the costliest natural disasters to strike the United States. One study of the damage caused by ...
... A single large earthquake, however, can cause far more damage than the average annual estimate. The 1994 Northridge (CA) earthquake caused as much as $26 billion (in 2005 dollars) in damage and was one of the costliest natural disasters to strike the United States. One study of the damage caused by ...
Urgent aftershock observation of the 2004 off the Kii Peninsula... using ocean bottom seismometers
... The 2004 off the Kii Peninsula earthquake occurred on September 5, 2004. Knowing the precise aftershock distribution is important for understanding the mechanism of this earthquake. However, the hypocenter of the main shock was located more than 100 km offshore from the nearest station of the land o ...
... The 2004 off the Kii Peninsula earthquake occurred on September 5, 2004. Knowing the precise aftershock distribution is important for understanding the mechanism of this earthquake. However, the hypocenter of the main shock was located more than 100 km offshore from the nearest station of the land o ...
Central US earthquake catalog for hazard maps of Memphis
... which were dominantly taken from the NCEER-91 catalog (Table 1) (Wheeler, unpubl. results). For another example, Seeber and Armbruster (1991) argued that small, shallow, pre-instrumental earthquakes that are characterized only by maximum intensity may have magnitudes that are systematically over-est ...
... which were dominantly taken from the NCEER-91 catalog (Table 1) (Wheeler, unpubl. results). For another example, Seeber and Armbruster (1991) argued that small, shallow, pre-instrumental earthquakes that are characterized only by maximum intensity may have magnitudes that are systematically over-est ...
Seismic Refraction
... considered active geophysical methods. In seismic surveying, ground movement caused by some source* is measured at a variety of distances from the source. The type of seismic experiment differs depending on what aspect of the recorded ground motion is used in the subsequent analysis. We do not mean ...
... considered active geophysical methods. In seismic surveying, ground movement caused by some source* is measured at a variety of distances from the source. The type of seismic experiment differs depending on what aspect of the recorded ground motion is used in the subsequent analysis. We do not mean ...
Earthquake forecasting and its verification
... seismographic areas. About a million magnitude two earthquakes occur each year on our planet. In southern California about a thousand magnitude two earthquakes occur each year. Except for the aftershocks of large earthquakes, such as the 1992 M=7.3 Landers earthquake, this seismic activity is essent ...
... seismographic areas. About a million magnitude two earthquakes occur each year on our planet. In southern California about a thousand magnitude two earthquakes occur each year. Except for the aftershocks of large earthquakes, such as the 1992 M=7.3 Landers earthquake, this seismic activity is essent ...
Infrasound/seismic observation of the Hayabusa reentry
... that is converted to a seismic surface wave (Rayleigh wave) is propagated with its phase velocity in the elastic media. If the apparent velocity of the incident acoustic wave is nearly the same as the phase velocity of the seismic surface wave in the elastic media, the seismic surface wave is excite ...
... that is converted to a seismic surface wave (Rayleigh wave) is propagated with its phase velocity in the elastic media. If the apparent velocity of the incident acoustic wave is nearly the same as the phase velocity of the seismic surface wave in the elastic media, the seismic surface wave is excite ...
Deaths and Injuries due to the Earthquake in Armenia: A Cohort
... identify factors of high risk. As part of a special project that collected data about the population in the aftermath of the earthquake that hit Northern Armenia on 7 December 1988, employees of the Ministry of Health working in the earthquake zone on 7 December 1988, and their families, were studie ...
... identify factors of high risk. As part of a special project that collected data about the population in the aftermath of the earthquake that hit Northern Armenia on 7 December 1988, employees of the Ministry of Health working in the earthquake zone on 7 December 1988, and their families, were studie ...
Relocation of large intermediate-depth earthquakes in the Vrancea
... A.D.: there would be high seismic activity during the period 1978–1990 with a main peak of seismic intensity Io = 8–9 on the MSK-64 scale. In reality, an Mw 7.5 earthquake occurred in 1977. According to Purcaru (1979), the magnitude of this earthquake was 7.1 (MB 7.1, Ms 7.1), thus confirming the su ...
... A.D.: there would be high seismic activity during the period 1978–1990 with a main peak of seismic intensity Io = 8–9 on the MSK-64 scale. In reality, an Mw 7.5 earthquake occurred in 1977. According to Purcaru (1979), the magnitude of this earthquake was 7.1 (MB 7.1, Ms 7.1), thus confirming the su ...
Very low frequency earthquakes excited by the 2004 off the... earthquakes: A dynamic deformation process in the large accretionary prism
... low-frequency energy of around 10 seconds with almost no higher-frequency energy and are considered the same as the very low-frequency (VLF) earthquakes discovered by Ishihara (2003) in some places along the Nankai trough, southwest Japan. The VLF seismic activity is mainly coincident with the after ...
... low-frequency energy of around 10 seconds with almost no higher-frequency energy and are considered the same as the very low-frequency (VLF) earthquakes discovered by Ishihara (2003) in some places along the Nankai trough, southwest Japan. The VLF seismic activity is mainly coincident with the after ...
Sources of Tsunamis in the Caribbean with Possibility
... According to historical records, the southern part of the Dominican Republic has been hit by several major earthquakes. Earthquake events such as those occurring in 1664, 1691, 1751, 1701 and 1860 among others, have particularly affected the island. Moreover, some of these events were successful in ...
... According to historical records, the southern part of the Dominican Republic has been hit by several major earthquakes. Earthquake events such as those occurring in 1664, 1691, 1751, 1701 and 1860 among others, have particularly affected the island. Moreover, some of these events were successful in ...
Geological Activity from Plate Tectonics Processes
... 1. Sedimentary rocks are formed with the oldest layers on the bottom and the youngest on top. 2. Sediments are deposited horizontally, so sedimentary rock layers are originally horizontal, as are some volcanic rocks, such as ash falls. 3. Sedimentary rock layers that are not horizontal are deformed. ...
... 1. Sedimentary rocks are formed with the oldest layers on the bottom and the youngest on top. 2. Sediments are deposited horizontally, so sedimentary rock layers are originally horizontal, as are some volcanic rocks, such as ash falls. 3. Sedimentary rock layers that are not horizontal are deformed. ...
Repeating earthquakes and quasi-static slip on the plate boundary east... northern Honshu, Japan Toru Matsuzawa , Naoki Uchida
... Igarashi et al. (2003) found many small repeating earthquakes in the area east off northern Honshu, Japan, and confirmed that most of the repeaters were occurring on the plate boundary using relocated hypocenters and focal mechanisms. From the repeating earthquake data, Igarashi et al. (2003) estima ...
... Igarashi et al. (2003) found many small repeating earthquakes in the area east off northern Honshu, Japan, and confirmed that most of the repeaters were occurring on the plate boundary using relocated hypocenters and focal mechanisms. From the repeating earthquake data, Igarashi et al. (2003) estima ...
On the onset of ionospheric precursors 40 min before strong
... coseismic ionospheric disturbance (CID). On the contrary, Mw < 8 earthquakes show CIDs but no evident precursory signal. CIDs are caused by the arrival of atmospheric waves excited by the vertical motion of the ground (or sea level) and usually appear within a few minutes after the earthquake [Calai ...
... coseismic ionospheric disturbance (CID). On the contrary, Mw < 8 earthquakes show CIDs but no evident precursory signal. CIDs are caused by the arrival of atmospheric waves excited by the vertical motion of the ground (or sea level) and usually appear within a few minutes after the earthquake [Calai ...
Climate change and Urban Vulnerability in Africa
... Where N is the number of events having a magnitude > M; a and b are constants calibrated on a given set of events. ...
... Where N is the number of events having a magnitude > M; a and b are constants calibrated on a given set of events. ...
Transport of Japan tsunami marine debris to the coast of British
... from the Japan tsunami is transported more slowly and expected to approach the coast of North America during the second half of 2012, through the first half of 2013. Debris will likely continue to arrive at the coast over a large spatial area from Alaska to northern California for several years. Mos ...
... from the Japan tsunami is transported more slowly and expected to approach the coast of North America during the second half of 2012, through the first half of 2013. Debris will likely continue to arrive at the coast over a large spatial area from Alaska to northern California for several years. Mos ...
Microseismicity of the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic
... GPS devices and arranged as a triangle with a central seismometer and a side length of about 1 km. Three such arrays were deployed in different rift segments and recorded the seismic activity continuously for 5–11 days at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. The array technique allowed to distinguish clearly ...
... GPS devices and arranged as a triangle with a central seismometer and a side length of about 1 km. Three such arrays were deployed in different rift segments and recorded the seismic activity continuously for 5–11 days at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. The array technique allowed to distinguish clearly ...
Microseismicity of the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge
... GPS devices and arranged as a triangle with a central seismometer and a side length of about 1 km. Three such arrays were deployed in different rift segments and recorded the seismic activity continuously for 5–11 days at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. The array technique allowed to distinguish clearly ...
... GPS devices and arranged as a triangle with a central seismometer and a side length of about 1 km. Three such arrays were deployed in different rift segments and recorded the seismic activity continuously for 5–11 days at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. The array technique allowed to distinguish clearly ...
evaluation of ground motion intensities from induced earthquakes
... The source of data for this study is the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI, earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/) system. This online questionnaire rapidly collects macroseismic intensity data and localized damage reports on earthquakes recently felt (or not felt) by internet u ...
... The source of data for this study is the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI, earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/) system. This online questionnaire rapidly collects macroseismic intensity data and localized damage reports on earthquakes recently felt (or not felt) by internet u ...
Vortex Tectonics: The Primary Factors Which
... volcanism, confirmed Edgar Cayce’s psychic predictions. It also led the author on a long search to better understand the dynamics of the Earth which could explain the increases, the obvious trends, and the jagged sawtooth patterns of the phenomena. The charts make it impossible to avoid posing the r ...
... volcanism, confirmed Edgar Cayce’s psychic predictions. It also led the author on a long search to better understand the dynamics of the Earth which could explain the increases, the obvious trends, and the jagged sawtooth patterns of the phenomena. The charts make it impossible to avoid posing the r ...
Accurate focal depth determination of oceanic earthquakes using
... The tradeoff between earthquake origin time and focal depth is a well known problem in hypocentral inversion. One of the most reliable ways of constraining focal depths is to identify the depth phases (p P and s P ) and add their arrival times in the inversion. Many methods have been developed to im ...
... The tradeoff between earthquake origin time and focal depth is a well known problem in hypocentral inversion. One of the most reliable ways of constraining focal depths is to identify the depth phases (p P and s P ) and add their arrival times in the inversion. Many methods have been developed to im ...
Tsunami
A tsunami (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. ""harbor wave"";English pronunciation: /tsuːˈnɑːmi/), also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. In being generated by the displacement of water, a tsunami contrasts both with a normal ocean wave generated by wind and with tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on bodies of water.Tsunami waves do not resemble normal sea waves, because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this reason they are often referred to as tidal waves, although this usage is not favored by the scientific community because tsunamis are not tidal in nature. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called ""wave train"". Wave heights of tens of meters can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can affect entire ocean basins; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.The Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his late-5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War, that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the understanding of a tsunami's nature remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include trying to determine why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; trying to accurately forecast the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and also to forecast how tsunami waves would interact with specific shorelines.