Second Draft with Art and Photos September 2006
... What Are Some Other Causes of Seismic Waves? Landslides ...
... What Are Some Other Causes of Seismic Waves? Landslides ...
More Ohio Earthquakes Linked to Fracking
... the UK. EarthScope data has documented several such connections related to wastewater injection, but three recent tremors in eastern Ohio reveal how the natural-‐gas-‐extracting process may trigger earthquakes as ...
... the UK. EarthScope data has documented several such connections related to wastewater injection, but three recent tremors in eastern Ohio reveal how the natural-‐gas-‐extracting process may trigger earthquakes as ...
Intro to Physics - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... Draw a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave and label all parts and explain how each differs in terms of vibrations and wave transmission. State the units for frequency, wavelength, amplitude and period? Explain the differences and relationships between frequency and intensity, frequency and peri ...
... Draw a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave and label all parts and explain how each differs in terms of vibrations and wave transmission. State the units for frequency, wavelength, amplitude and period? Explain the differences and relationships between frequency and intensity, frequency and peri ...
Larry J. Ruff - Seismological Research Letters
... earthquakes can be as deep as 700 km. There are a few funny spots around the world with deep earthquakes and no subduction zone, but most seismologists think that geologically recent subduction explains these events. H o w shallow is "shallow" for global seismic@? There are two answers to this quest ...
... earthquakes can be as deep as 700 km. There are a few funny spots around the world with deep earthquakes and no subduction zone, but most seismologists think that geologically recent subduction explains these events. H o w shallow is "shallow" for global seismic@? There are two answers to this quest ...
An Educational Resource for Visualizing the Global Seismic Wave
... and movies in the classroom has been shown to have the ability to enhance learning (e.g., see Mayer and Moreno, 2002, for a review). However, traditional methods of teaching about the global seismic wave field typically involve static imagery. Usually this has been achieved through a combination of ...
... and movies in the classroom has been shown to have the ability to enhance learning (e.g., see Mayer and Moreno, 2002, for a review). However, traditional methods of teaching about the global seismic wave field typically involve static imagery. Usually this has been achieved through a combination of ...
Nature of Earthquakes - Elements of Seismology and Earthquake
... • Although the intensity of the the quake is measured in terms of energy released at the location of the ground fault, the critical effects on the given structures is determined by the ground movements at the location of the structure. The effect of these movements is affected mostly by the distance ...
... • Although the intensity of the the quake is measured in terms of energy released at the location of the ground fault, the critical effects on the given structures is determined by the ground movements at the location of the structure. The effect of these movements is affected mostly by the distance ...
chapter 6 oscillatory flow
... are those oscillatory currents strong enough to entrain bottom sediment? To get at the nature of bottom water motions under oscillatory waves, it is best to start with small-amplitude wave theory. The most far-reaching progress in theory of water waves came about by making the assumption that the wa ...
... are those oscillatory currents strong enough to entrain bottom sediment? To get at the nature of bottom water motions under oscillatory waves, it is best to start with small-amplitude wave theory. The most far-reaching progress in theory of water waves came about by making the assumption that the wa ...
Section 1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen
... eruption, submarine earthquake, or landslide • A tsunami may begin to form when the ocean floor suddenly crops or rises because of faulting associated with undersea earthquakes. • A tsunami may also be triggered by an underwater landslide caused by an earthquake. ...
... eruption, submarine earthquake, or landslide • A tsunami may begin to form when the ocean floor suddenly crops or rises because of faulting associated with undersea earthquakes. • A tsunami may also be triggered by an underwater landslide caused by an earthquake. ...
1 Earthquake Hazard Information – Hazard, Risk, Magnitude
... Scale) is a measure of earthquake effects and level of ground shaking at a particular location. A description of earthquake intensity is given below (from http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/general/handouts/mercalli.html): The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surfa ...
... Scale) is a measure of earthquake effects and level of ground shaking at a particular location. A description of earthquake intensity is given below (from http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/general/handouts/mercalli.html): The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surfa ...
Source Process of Deep and Intermediate Earthquakes as Inferred
... (1) The slope of the phase spectrum (or the intermediate shocks that occurred along island group delay time) arcs from New Guinea to the Fuji Islands The equalized source phase spectrum of at depths between 100 and 200km, which direct P waves has been given in Fig. 19 in have been treated in a previ ...
... (1) The slope of the phase spectrum (or the intermediate shocks that occurred along island group delay time) arcs from New Guinea to the Fuji Islands The equalized source phase spectrum of at depths between 100 and 200km, which direct P waves has been given in Fig. 19 in have been treated in a previ ...
earthquake Andaman − Lessons from the 2004 Sumatra
... phenomena that may occur before large earthquakes. Since an earthquake may involve nonlinear preparatory processes before failure, it is not unreasonable to expect a precursor of this type. However, it may not always occur before every earthquake, or even if it occurs, it may not always be followed ...
... phenomena that may occur before large earthquakes. Since an earthquake may involve nonlinear preparatory processes before failure, it is not unreasonable to expect a precursor of this type. However, it may not always occur before every earthquake, or even if it occurs, it may not always be followed ...
Print this article - Nepal Journals Online
... produced by the sudden or abrupt movement of large volumes of water. In the open ocean the distance between wave crests can surpass 100 kilometers, and the wave periods can tsunamis travel 600-800 kilometers per hour, depending on water depth. Large waves produced by an earthquake or a submarine lan ...
... produced by the sudden or abrupt movement of large volumes of water. In the open ocean the distance between wave crests can surpass 100 kilometers, and the wave periods can tsunamis travel 600-800 kilometers per hour, depending on water depth. Large waves produced by an earthquake or a submarine lan ...
Background note on induced seismicity in the
... kind of a number on the size of an earthquake. There are two ways of doing this. The first, which is the old tried and tested method, which in fact has been in play ever since the first human experienced an earthquake, is the question „how much did the earth move for you then…‟?; in other words, the ...
... kind of a number on the size of an earthquake. There are two ways of doing this. The first, which is the old tried and tested method, which in fact has been in play ever since the first human experienced an earthquake, is the question „how much did the earth move for you then…‟?; in other words, the ...
Waves are “disturbances”
... friction between the object and the surface, and the object slides down the slope. In this case, gravity overcomes the electrical attraction (bonds) between the water molecules on the surface (the “surface tension”), and water molecules start tumbling down the face of the wave. Experiment: Place a s ...
... friction between the object and the surface, and the object slides down the slope. In this case, gravity overcomes the electrical attraction (bonds) between the water molecules on the surface (the “surface tension”), and water molecules start tumbling down the face of the wave. Experiment: Place a s ...
McConnell_1e_PPT_Ch05
... • Liquefaction occurs when water is released from saturated earth materials that are violently shaken − Material loses strength and collapses, causing subsidence ...
... • Liquefaction occurs when water is released from saturated earth materials that are violently shaken − Material loses strength and collapses, causing subsidence ...
Lessons from the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake
... What is special about the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake? Why did we have such a large earthquake at the place where we did not expect very large events? The empirical relationship as it is used above may approximately hold in the general sense, but we need to realize that significant deviations can happ ...
... What is special about the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake? Why did we have such a large earthquake at the place where we did not expect very large events? The empirical relationship as it is used above may approximately hold in the general sense, but we need to realize that significant deviations can happ ...
The landslide
... Tsunamis In coastal areas landslides may reach the sea and generate swells which may travel considerable distances. The swells present a much larger risk than do the landslides because they affect much larger areas. A wave (swell) may not be noticeable in open waters off the coast, but grows rapidly ...
... Tsunamis In coastal areas landslides may reach the sea and generate swells which may travel considerable distances. The swells present a much larger risk than do the landslides because they affect much larger areas. A wave (swell) may not be noticeable in open waters off the coast, but grows rapidly ...
Transformation of Internal Waves at the Bottom Ledge
... Internal waves, as well as surface waves, play an important role in the near-shore processes, including mixing, turbulence generation, dissipation of wave energy, transport of sediments, etc. They can affect on the engineering offshore constructions (e.g., gas and oil pipelines, platforms) and cause ...
... Internal waves, as well as surface waves, play an important role in the near-shore processes, including mixing, turbulence generation, dissipation of wave energy, transport of sediments, etc. They can affect on the engineering offshore constructions (e.g., gas and oil pipelines, platforms) and cause ...
Earthquakes - Bakersfield College
... Mercalli Intensity chart with damage reports and associated Roman numerals. In 1934, Charles Richter recognized the “people factor” when measuring the intensity of earthquakes and invented the Richter scale, in which one can calculate the magnitude of an earthquake eliminating the inconsistent obser ...
... Mercalli Intensity chart with damage reports and associated Roman numerals. In 1934, Charles Richter recognized the “people factor” when measuring the intensity of earthquakes and invented the Richter scale, in which one can calculate the magnitude of an earthquake eliminating the inconsistent obser ...
Waves II - Galileo and Einstein
... The wave speed goes inversely as the square root of the mass per unit length, which is a measure of the inertia of the rope. So in a thicker (more massive) rope at the same tension, the wave speed will decrease. ...
... The wave speed goes inversely as the square root of the mass per unit length, which is a measure of the inertia of the rope. So in a thicker (more massive) rope at the same tension, the wave speed will decrease. ...
P-wave compression propagating wave
... Mercalli Intensity chart with damage reports and associated Roman numerals. In 1934, Charles Richter recognized the “people factor” when measuring the intensity of earthquakes and invented the Richter scale, in which one can calculate the magnitude of an earthquake eliminating the inconsistent obser ...
... Mercalli Intensity chart with damage reports and associated Roman numerals. In 1934, Charles Richter recognized the “people factor” when measuring the intensity of earthquakes and invented the Richter scale, in which one can calculate the magnitude of an earthquake eliminating the inconsistent obser ...
Early Warning Systems: Geological Hazards Monitoring in
... Because of our location on the plate boundary New Zealand is subject to all major geological hazards. New Zealand has benefitted from having an integrated geological hazards monitoring and data collection system. Recent experience in New Zealand has highlighted the threat from long return period but ...
... Because of our location on the plate boundary New Zealand is subject to all major geological hazards. New Zealand has benefitted from having an integrated geological hazards monitoring and data collection system. Recent experience in New Zealand has highlighted the threat from long return period but ...
Text as PDF
... especially concerning its magnitude. Initial estimates (e.g. the U.S. Geological Survey’s Fast Moment Tensor Solution) were as low as Mw=8.2, but rose over the next several hours to Mw=9.0 (Nettles and Ekström, 2004). While both these estimates indicate that the earthquake was extremely large, they ...
... especially concerning its magnitude. Initial estimates (e.g. the U.S. Geological Survey’s Fast Moment Tensor Solution) were as low as Mw=8.2, but rose over the next several hours to Mw=9.0 (Nettles and Ekström, 2004). While both these estimates indicate that the earthquake was extremely large, they ...
Chapter 9: Earthquakes -- Multi-format Test
... During an earthquake, there is a strong burst of shaking that last for a few minutes. Foreshocks are small bursts of shaking or tremors that may precede a large earthquake. Foreshocks can occur days to minutes before the earthquake hits. During an earthquake, the primary waves (P-waves) arrive at th ...
... During an earthquake, there is a strong burst of shaking that last for a few minutes. Foreshocks are small bursts of shaking or tremors that may precede a large earthquake. Foreshocks can occur days to minutes before the earthquake hits. During an earthquake, the primary waves (P-waves) arrive at th ...
SARSIA
... Results from the field experiment must be applied with caution. Inhomogeneties of bottom topography and kelp distribution inhibit a clear separation of effects of refraction and reflection of wave energy and damping due to kelp stands. Waves have different directions of propagation and that must als ...
... Results from the field experiment must be applied with caution. Inhomogeneties of bottom topography and kelp distribution inhibit a clear separation of effects of refraction and reflection of wave energy and damping due to kelp stands. Waves have different directions of propagation and that must als ...
Tsunami
A tsunami (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. ""harbor wave"";English pronunciation: /tsuːˈnɑːmi/), also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. In being generated by the displacement of water, a tsunami contrasts both with a normal ocean wave generated by wind and with tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on bodies of water.Tsunami waves do not resemble normal sea waves, because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this reason they are often referred to as tidal waves, although this usage is not favored by the scientific community because tsunamis are not tidal in nature. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called ""wave train"". Wave heights of tens of meters can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can affect entire ocean basins; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.The Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his late-5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War, that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the understanding of a tsunami's nature remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include trying to determine why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; trying to accurately forecast the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and also to forecast how tsunami waves would interact with specific shorelines.