12.002 Physics and Chemistry of the Earth and Terrestrial Planets
... core and mantle (ie Snell’s law). The same relationships are correct for S waves incident on the core. In the Earth, and probably also the other terrestrial bodies, the seismic velocity is not uniform through the core or mantle, but increases downward due to the increased pressure acting on the mate ...
... core and mantle (ie Snell’s law). The same relationships are correct for S waves incident on the core. In the Earth, and probably also the other terrestrial bodies, the seismic velocity is not uniform through the core or mantle, but increases downward due to the increased pressure acting on the mate ...
Donna Calhoun Boise State University The Riemann problem
... is an example of a system of equations written in conservative form. More generally, we can write PDEs in conservative form as qt + f (q)x = 0 These are typically derived from conservation laws for mass, momentum, energy, species, and so on. PASI : Tsunami Workshop Jan 2-14 2013 Thursday, January 10 ...
... is an example of a system of equations written in conservative form. More generally, we can write PDEs in conservative form as qt + f (q)x = 0 These are typically derived from conservation laws for mass, momentum, energy, species, and so on. PASI : Tsunami Workshop Jan 2-14 2013 Thursday, January 10 ...
Table 1 Parameters used for the historical Seismicity M _ 6 between
... 1754 - Heavy destruction around the Izmit Gulf (2000 dead; 60 in Istanbul); heavy damage in Istanbul (collapsed buildings and damage to mosques and the city walls); seismic sea-wave. Location is inferred to be west of the 1719 earthquake and in the Sea of Marmara. As it was less destructive than 176 ...
... 1754 - Heavy destruction around the Izmit Gulf (2000 dead; 60 in Istanbul); heavy damage in Istanbul (collapsed buildings and damage to mosques and the city walls); seismic sea-wave. Location is inferred to be west of the 1719 earthquake and in the Sea of Marmara. As it was less destructive than 176 ...
GLOBAL DISASTER RESILIENCE The Paradigm for 2014 That
... HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS ECONOMIC LOSSES REACHING HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS ...
... HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS ECONOMIC LOSSES REACHING HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS ...
Wizard Test Maker
... 6. A huge undersea earthquake off the Alaskan coastline could produce a (1) tsunami (3) hurricane (2) cyclone (4) thunderstorm 7. The study of how seismic waves change as they travel through Earth has revealed that (1) P-waves travel more slowly than S-waves through Earth’s crust (2) seismic waves t ...
... 6. A huge undersea earthquake off the Alaskan coastline could produce a (1) tsunami (3) hurricane (2) cyclone (4) thunderstorm 7. The study of how seismic waves change as they travel through Earth has revealed that (1) P-waves travel more slowly than S-waves through Earth’s crust (2) seismic waves t ...
Chapter 5, Section 2
... a. A transverse pulse is one in which the motion of the wave is perpendicular (90 degrees) to the motion of the particles of the medium b. As the amplitude of a transverse pulse on a spring increases, its speed remains the same c. As the frequency of a standing wave increases, the wavelength decreas ...
... a. A transverse pulse is one in which the motion of the wave is perpendicular (90 degrees) to the motion of the particles of the medium b. As the amplitude of a transverse pulse on a spring increases, its speed remains the same c. As the frequency of a standing wave increases, the wavelength decreas ...
Document
... mix of vulnerable and earthquake resistant construction. Recent earthquakes in this area have caused secondary hazards such as landslides that might have contributed to losses. Green alert level for shaking-related fatalities. Yellow alert level for economic losses. Some damage is possible and the i ...
... mix of vulnerable and earthquake resistant construction. Recent earthquakes in this area have caused secondary hazards such as landslides that might have contributed to losses. Green alert level for shaking-related fatalities. Yellow alert level for economic losses. Some damage is possible and the i ...
haiti earthquake 2010 - UWI Seismic Research Centre
... What type of plate movement caused this earthquake? The northern boundary of the Caribbean plate exhibits left‐lateral strike‐slip motion and the fault plane solution of this earthquake is consistent with that regime. The Enriquillo‐Plaintain Garden fault system in southern Haiti appears to have hos ...
... What type of plate movement caused this earthquake? The northern boundary of the Caribbean plate exhibits left‐lateral strike‐slip motion and the fault plane solution of this earthquake is consistent with that regime. The Enriquillo‐Plaintain Garden fault system in southern Haiti appears to have hos ...
Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology and Montana Disaster and
... Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology The northern Intermountain Seismic Belt remained seismically active between October 1, 2012 and September 30, 2013. During this period, using data from the Montana Regional Seismograph Network, the Earthquake Studies Office of the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geolo ...
... Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology The northern Intermountain Seismic Belt remained seismically active between October 1, 2012 and September 30, 2013. During this period, using data from the Montana Regional Seismograph Network, the Earthquake Studies Office of the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geolo ...
Document
... Liquefaction • The process by which shaking makes loose sediment move like a liquid. • When liquefaction occurs in soil under buildings, buildings sink into the soil and collapse ...
... Liquefaction • The process by which shaking makes loose sediment move like a liquid. • When liquefaction occurs in soil under buildings, buildings sink into the soil and collapse ...
Now ADCPs measure nearshore waves
... All these activities are undertaken by ADCPs. RD Instruments Inc., USA, (RDI) invented the ADCP is the early 1980s and has delivered more than 2400 of these versatile instruments to over 50 countries. That versatility has been still more enhanced by giving RDI ADCPs the capability to obtain wave dat ...
... All these activities are undertaken by ADCPs. RD Instruments Inc., USA, (RDI) invented the ADCP is the early 1980s and has delivered more than 2400 of these versatile instruments to over 50 countries. That versatility has been still more enhanced by giving RDI ADCPs the capability to obtain wave dat ...
Chiral ratio of the compressional and shear velocity for the
... by chiral effects due to the Lamé parameter (1 ksTS )2 so vP ( 2 ) / . High resolution imaging with microseismic events requires the use of large and consistent data sets of seismic phase arrival times. In particular the S phase is important to derive physical parameters of the subsu ...
... by chiral effects due to the Lamé parameter (1 ksTS )2 so vP ( 2 ) / . High resolution imaging with microseismic events requires the use of large and consistent data sets of seismic phase arrival times. In particular the S phase is important to derive physical parameters of the subsu ...
PPT Waves 12
... • Example: You can hear someone talking around a corner, because the waves move beyond the wall. This is going to be a great surprise! Not anymore! ...
... • Example: You can hear someone talking around a corner, because the waves move beyond the wall. This is going to be a great surprise! Not anymore! ...
Dehydration faulting in serpentinite: regular vs. slow earthquakes
... It has been well documented in the laboratory that dehydration of hydrous minerals in subducting slabs can generate intermediate-depth earthquakes. However, these earthuqkes has not been well characterized. Here we report two different-types of earthquakes generated by dehydration of antigrite in se ...
... It has been well documented in the laboratory that dehydration of hydrous minerals in subducting slabs can generate intermediate-depth earthquakes. However, these earthuqkes has not been well characterized. Here we report two different-types of earthquakes generated by dehydration of antigrite in se ...
Tsunamigenic earthquakes in the Gulf of Cadiz
... with these extreme events (more than 1000 yr) the uncertainty about the recurrence period for large earthquakes and tsunamis generated offshore is extremely high. The largest instrumental earthquake recorded in the area was on 28 February 1969 (Mw = 7.8; Fukao, 1973), and since 1960 only 19 events h ...
... with these extreme events (more than 1000 yr) the uncertainty about the recurrence period for large earthquakes and tsunamis generated offshore is extremely high. The largest instrumental earthquake recorded in the area was on 28 February 1969 (Mw = 7.8; Fukao, 1973), and since 1960 only 19 events h ...
Lec8 - nptel
... independent of frequency. The velocity of the Love wave, on the other hand, varies with frequency between an upper and a lower limit. Dispersion is a phenomenon in which waves of different frequency (and different wavelength) propagate at different velocities. Hence Love waves are clearly dispersive ...
... independent of frequency. The velocity of the Love wave, on the other hand, varies with frequency between an upper and a lower limit. Dispersion is a phenomenon in which waves of different frequency (and different wavelength) propagate at different velocities. Hence Love waves are clearly dispersive ...
earthquakes and earth`s interior
... Haiti are particularly significant in that they changed the consciousness of millions of people worldwide. Victims were reported in at least eight countries bordering the Indian Ocean after the 2004 event. In a sense, these disasters were truly felt by the global community. Before the Boxing Day dis ...
... Haiti are particularly significant in that they changed the consciousness of millions of people worldwide. Victims were reported in at least eight countries bordering the Indian Ocean after the 2004 event. In a sense, these disasters were truly felt by the global community. Before the Boxing Day dis ...
8.1 What Is an Earthquake?
... Cause of Earthquakes Before the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the actual causes and effects of earthquakes were not understood. The San Fransisco earthquake caused horizontal shifts in Earth’s surface of several meters along the northern portion of the San Andreas Fault. The 1300-kilometer Sa ...
... Cause of Earthquakes Before the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the actual causes and effects of earthquakes were not understood. The San Fransisco earthquake caused horizontal shifts in Earth’s surface of several meters along the northern portion of the San Andreas Fault. The 1300-kilometer Sa ...
Electromagnetic Disturbances Associated With Earthquakes: An
... The case studies have shown increases of the signal at the time of earthquakes, but ELF emissions are very common and can result from many other phenomena. Thus, the only way to know if those increases are coincidental or not, is by using statistics. A statistical study was carried out with the data ...
... The case studies have shown increases of the signal at the time of earthquakes, but ELF emissions are very common and can result from many other phenomena. Thus, the only way to know if those increases are coincidental or not, is by using statistics. A statistical study was carried out with the data ...
The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Worksheet
... Example answer: Soil is the factor of focus, and different soil properties can affect seismic waves as they pass through a soil layer. In some areas, many different types of soil are layered one upon another before hard rock is encountered. In some cases, ground shaking may be amplified and this inf ...
... Example answer: Soil is the factor of focus, and different soil properties can affect seismic waves as they pass through a soil layer. In some areas, many different types of soil are layered one upon another before hard rock is encountered. In some cases, ground shaking may be amplified and this inf ...
The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake
... Example answer: Soil is the factor of focus, and different soil properties can affect seismic waves as they pass through a soil layer. In some areas, many different types of soil are layered one upon another before hard rock is encountered. In some cases, ground shaking may be amplified and this inf ...
... Example answer: Soil is the factor of focus, and different soil properties can affect seismic waves as they pass through a soil layer. In some areas, many different types of soil are layered one upon another before hard rock is encountered. In some cases, ground shaking may be amplified and this inf ...
IPRC Meetings
... new category of large debris, such as telephone poles, and requires further research into the appropriate technology for cleanup. In the final presentation, Maximenko talked about ways to mitigate the impact. Only a fraction of the tsunami debris, he says, will threaten Mainland coastlines since muc ...
... new category of large debris, such as telephone poles, and requires further research into the appropriate technology for cleanup. In the final presentation, Maximenko talked about ways to mitigate the impact. Only a fraction of the tsunami debris, he says, will threaten Mainland coastlines since muc ...
Tsunami
A tsunami (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. ""harbor wave"";English pronunciation: /tsuːˈnɑːmi/), also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. In being generated by the displacement of water, a tsunami contrasts both with a normal ocean wave generated by wind and with tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on bodies of water.Tsunami waves do not resemble normal sea waves, because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this reason they are often referred to as tidal waves, although this usage is not favored by the scientific community because tsunamis are not tidal in nature. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called ""wave train"". Wave heights of tens of meters can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can affect entire ocean basins; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.The Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his late-5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War, that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the understanding of a tsunami's nature remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include trying to determine why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; trying to accurately forecast the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and also to forecast how tsunami waves would interact with specific shorelines.