practice test on waves
... Referring to the diagram above, the amplitude of the wave emitted by S1 is now increased to 2A. The wave emitted by S2 is unchanged. Deduce what change, if any, occurs in the loudness of the sound at point M and at point P when this change in amplitude is made. at point M: .......................... ...
... Referring to the diagram above, the amplitude of the wave emitted by S1 is now increased to 2A. The wave emitted by S2 is unchanged. Deduce what change, if any, occurs in the loudness of the sound at point M and at point P when this change in amplitude is made. at point M: .......................... ...
2.3 VELOCITY STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH In the following years
... In fact, the ray path names (SCS, etc...) are ways we humans use to think about a complex pattern of seismic waves propagating in the earth. What really happens is that a complex series of wavefronts are generated within the earth. The mantle has been found to have important velocity structure as we ...
... In fact, the ray path names (SCS, etc...) are ways we humans use to think about a complex pattern of seismic waves propagating in the earth. What really happens is that a complex series of wavefronts are generated within the earth. The mantle has been found to have important velocity structure as we ...
I. What are Earthquakes?
... A. As tectonic plates move, stress increases along faults near the plates’ edges. In response to this stress, rock in the plates deforms. B. Deformation is the change in the shape of rock in response to the stress of bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth’s crust. C. Rock deforms in a plastic m ...
... A. As tectonic plates move, stress increases along faults near the plates’ edges. In response to this stress, rock in the plates deforms. B. Deformation is the change in the shape of rock in response to the stress of bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth’s crust. C. Rock deforms in a plastic m ...
Diary 2 - LEARNZ
... Earthquakes usually occur along faults which are areas of weakness in the rock where movement can occur. Sometimes the blocks of rock on either side of a fault suddenly shift to a new position in just a few seconds. This sudden release of energy sends out waves, which are felt on the surface as an e ...
... Earthquakes usually occur along faults which are areas of weakness in the rock where movement can occur. Sometimes the blocks of rock on either side of a fault suddenly shift to a new position in just a few seconds. This sudden release of energy sends out waves, which are felt on the surface as an e ...
Travel time curves
... measurement of the maximum motion recorded by a seismograph. Several scales have been defined, but the most commonly used are (1) local magnitude (ML), commonly referred to as “Richter magnitude,” (2) surface-wave magnitude (Ms), (3) body-wave magnitude (Mb), and (4) moment magnitude (Mw). Scales 1- ...
... measurement of the maximum motion recorded by a seismograph. Several scales have been defined, but the most commonly used are (1) local magnitude (ML), commonly referred to as “Richter magnitude,” (2) surface-wave magnitude (Ms), (3) body-wave magnitude (Mb), and (4) moment magnitude (Mw). Scales 1- ...
finding epicenters
... As you have learned in class, earthquakes are vibrations caused by large releases of energy. These energy releases can occur as a result of fault movements, asteroid impacts, volcanic eruptions, and movements of magma, as well as by explosions. As a result, vibrations can begin both in and on the Ea ...
... As you have learned in class, earthquakes are vibrations caused by large releases of energy. These energy releases can occur as a result of fault movements, asteroid impacts, volcanic eruptions, and movements of magma, as well as by explosions. As a result, vibrations can begin both in and on the Ea ...
Large submarine earthquakes occurred worldwide
... vulnerability, and risk along the coastal areas, (vi) reinforce the existing tsunami warning systems (TWSs) and implement new ones, (v) improve the capability of tsunami warning centres (TWCs) to detect the tsunami well before it hits the coastal zones. One issue that remains challenging for any TWC ...
... vulnerability, and risk along the coastal areas, (vi) reinforce the existing tsunami warning systems (TWSs) and implement new ones, (v) improve the capability of tsunami warning centres (TWCs) to detect the tsunami well before it hits the coastal zones. One issue that remains challenging for any TWC ...
Hint: Convert miles into nautical miles
... very large, we describe them with larger units. For example, we say “one mile” instead of “5,280 feet” or “475 miles” instead of “2,508,000 feet.” Changing units (for example, from feet to miles) is one way to describe sizes of large objects or distances using manageable numbers. Another way to desc ...
... very large, we describe them with larger units. For example, we say “one mile” instead of “5,280 feet” or “475 miles” instead of “2,508,000 feet.” Changing units (for example, from feet to miles) is one way to describe sizes of large objects or distances using manageable numbers. Another way to desc ...
CEA - Earthquakes
... At the very least they are coupled to the rock, and sometimes buried. They must be reliable and capable of operating in an autonomous manner (their electrical power supply is usually provided by a photovoltaic energy source). In order to rapidly communicate a warning after an earthquake, the informa ...
... At the very least they are coupled to the rock, and sometimes buried. They must be reliable and capable of operating in an autonomous manner (their electrical power supply is usually provided by a photovoltaic energy source). In order to rapidly communicate a warning after an earthquake, the informa ...
Structural Engineering Presentation
... What do Structural Engineers do? Structural Engineers design buildings, bridges, dams, cars, helicopters, airplanes, satellites, off-shore platforms, ships and all other facilities required to sustain loads from various sources- air pressure, gravity, wind, waves, snow, impact, earthquakes, temperat ...
... What do Structural Engineers do? Structural Engineers design buildings, bridges, dams, cars, helicopters, airplanes, satellites, off-shore platforms, ships and all other facilities required to sustain loads from various sources- air pressure, gravity, wind, waves, snow, impact, earthquakes, temperat ...
Scott McDowell, Ph.D. The Reality of Rogue Waves
... and from directions other than prevailing winds and seas. Occasionally they are formed when large swell approaches and opposes major current systems such as the Atlantic Gulf Stream and the Agulhas Current off South Africa. Waves are typically classified as rogues when they are five- to eight times ...
... and from directions other than prevailing winds and seas. Occasionally they are formed when large swell approaches and opposes major current systems such as the Atlantic Gulf Stream and the Agulhas Current off South Africa. Waves are typically classified as rogues when they are five- to eight times ...
Seismograms, phase picks, earthquake locations, tectonics
... Magnitude has no minimum or maximum limit. However the maximum value ever recorded was about 9.5 (Chile, 1960). We currently detect several magnitude 0 and few negative magnitude earthquakes. In principle they do seldom exceed magnitude -1, but this threshold is only limited by the sensitivity of th ...
... Magnitude has no minimum or maximum limit. However the maximum value ever recorded was about 9.5 (Chile, 1960). We currently detect several magnitude 0 and few negative magnitude earthquakes. In principle they do seldom exceed magnitude -1, but this threshold is only limited by the sensitivity of th ...
11-1 Simple Harmonic Motion Any vibrating system where the
... A geologist uses a simple pendulum that has a length of 37.10 cm and a frequency of 0.8190 Hz at a particular location on the Earth. What is the acceleration of gravity at this location? ...
... A geologist uses a simple pendulum that has a length of 37.10 cm and a frequency of 0.8190 Hz at a particular location on the Earth. What is the acceleration of gravity at this location? ...
Unit 4 Lesson 5 Earthquakes
... • When the shaking of an earthquake is more than structures can withstand, major destruction can occur. • Much of the injury and loss of life after an earthquake is caused by structures that collapse. ...
... • When the shaking of an earthquake is more than structures can withstand, major destruction can occur. • Much of the injury and loss of life after an earthquake is caused by structures that collapse. ...
Lesson 5 - Earthquakes - Hitchcock
... • When the shaking of an earthquake is more than structures can withstand, major destruction can occur. • Much of the injury and loss of life after an earthquake is caused by structures that collapse. ...
... • When the shaking of an earthquake is more than structures can withstand, major destruction can occur. • Much of the injury and loss of life after an earthquake is caused by structures that collapse. ...
Fulltext PDF
... farther distances have smaller wave amplitude than those at close distances. These prompted him to propose the now commonly used magnitude scale, the Richter Scale. It is obtained from the seismograms and accounts for the dependence of waveform amplitude on epicentral distance. This scale is also ca ...
... farther distances have smaller wave amplitude than those at close distances. These prompted him to propose the now commonly used magnitude scale, the Richter Scale. It is obtained from the seismograms and accounts for the dependence of waveform amplitude on epicentral distance. This scale is also ca ...
Natural Hazards – Earthquakes, Volcanoes and
... Where and why do tsunamis occur? Why do tsunamis have such a distribution pattern? Earthquakes/volcanic eruptions cause vibrations on the ocean floor and trigger huge waves. Concentrated in the ...
... Where and why do tsunamis occur? Why do tsunamis have such a distribution pattern? Earthquakes/volcanic eruptions cause vibrations on the ocean floor and trigger huge waves. Concentrated in the ...
PacIOOS Wave Buoy Poster
... Various forces cause waves, such as wind, underwater earthquakes, gravitational pull of the sun and moon, ships, and many more. ...
... Various forces cause waves, such as wind, underwater earthquakes, gravitational pull of the sun and moon, ships, and many more. ...
CE 325: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering (3
... Basic Seismology, Earthquake, List of major earthquakes, Causes of earthquakes, Sources of earthquake data, Elastic rebound Theory, Faults, Plate tectonics, Seismograph and Seismogram, Prediction of Earthquakes, Protection against earthquake damage, Origin of Universe, Layers of Earth, Theory of Con ...
... Basic Seismology, Earthquake, List of major earthquakes, Causes of earthquakes, Sources of earthquake data, Elastic rebound Theory, Faults, Plate tectonics, Seismograph and Seismogram, Prediction of Earthquakes, Protection against earthquake damage, Origin of Universe, Layers of Earth, Theory of Con ...
Earthquakes
... before major earthquakes 3. Aftershocks: smaller earthquakes that occur after major earthquakes 4. Intensity: the amount of shaking produced by an earthquake at a given location 5. Magnitude: the “size” of the earthquake - Richter magnitude: determined from the amplitude (height) of the largest seis ...
... before major earthquakes 3. Aftershocks: smaller earthquakes that occur after major earthquakes 4. Intensity: the amount of shaking produced by an earthquake at a given location 5. Magnitude: the “size” of the earthquake - Richter magnitude: determined from the amplitude (height) of the largest seis ...
Tides and topographic waves in the vicinity of the Svalbard islands
... Strong tidal currents occur east of Spitsbergen in the Freeman Sound between the Barents Island and Edge Island, in Heleysundet between the Barents Island and Nordaustlandet, and also in the Hinlopen Strait between Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet. This is a result of the almost 180 degree phase diffe ...
... Strong tidal currents occur east of Spitsbergen in the Freeman Sound between the Barents Island and Edge Island, in Heleysundet between the Barents Island and Nordaustlandet, and also in the Hinlopen Strait between Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet. This is a result of the almost 180 degree phase diffe ...
Wave Data Analysis and Statistics Jun 2015
... height and direction of waves propagating from the Waverider buoy location to the shoreline are altered due to refraction, diffraction, shoaling, attenuation due to seabed friction losses and wave breaking. Wave statistics therefore can only provide an indication of wave conditions at locations othe ...
... height and direction of waves propagating from the Waverider buoy location to the shoreline are altered due to refraction, diffraction, shoaling, attenuation due to seabed friction losses and wave breaking. Wave statistics therefore can only provide an indication of wave conditions at locations othe ...
GEO1011
... • ML for local earthquakes (Richter magnitude adapted to local structure) • Mb, Ms: measured on P waves or surface waves for distant earthquakes • Moment magnitude Mw related to the seismic moment M0: a more accurate measurement which tells something about the total energy of the earthquake ...
... • ML for local earthquakes (Richter magnitude adapted to local structure) • Mb, Ms: measured on P waves or surface waves for distant earthquakes • Moment magnitude Mw related to the seismic moment M0: a more accurate measurement which tells something about the total energy of the earthquake ...
pdf file - Berkeley Seismological Laboratory
... Surface waves • The amplitude of surface waves decays with depth and depends on the ratio of the depth to the wavelength. – => longer period (i.e. longer wavelength) surface waves tell us more about deeper parts of the mantle – => shorter period surface waves are appropriate for studying the sha ...
... Surface waves • The amplitude of surface waves decays with depth and depends on the ratio of the depth to the wavelength. – => longer period (i.e. longer wavelength) surface waves tell us more about deeper parts of the mantle – => shorter period surface waves are appropriate for studying the sha ...
Finding an earthquake epicenter Geologists who study earthquakes
... Geologists who study earthquakes are called seismologist. If you were a seismologist, you would receive data from seismographs all over the world. Each recording stations I constantly collecting data on all tectonic disturbances in the crust. Within minutes of an earthquake, seismographs would recor ...
... Geologists who study earthquakes are called seismologist. If you were a seismologist, you would receive data from seismographs all over the world. Each recording stations I constantly collecting data on all tectonic disturbances in the crust. Within minutes of an earthquake, seismographs would recor ...
Tsunami
A tsunami (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. ""harbor wave"";English pronunciation: /tsuːˈnɑːmi/), also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. In being generated by the displacement of water, a tsunami contrasts both with a normal ocean wave generated by wind and with tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on bodies of water.Tsunami waves do not resemble normal sea waves, because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this reason they are often referred to as tidal waves, although this usage is not favored by the scientific community because tsunamis are not tidal in nature. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called ""wave train"". Wave heights of tens of meters can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can affect entire ocean basins; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.The Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his late-5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War, that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the understanding of a tsunami's nature remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include trying to determine why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; trying to accurately forecast the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and also to forecast how tsunami waves would interact with specific shorelines.