A Testable Five-Year Forecast of Moderate and Large Earthquakes
... and those due to filling of water reservoirs, may also have very different magnitude distributions. Clearly such earthquakes need to be treated differently from those associated with global tectonic deformation. Earthquakes in volcanic, geothermal, and creeping zones have different magnitude distrib ...
... and those due to filling of water reservoirs, may also have very different magnitude distributions. Clearly such earthquakes need to be treated differently from those associated with global tectonic deformation. Earthquakes in volcanic, geothermal, and creeping zones have different magnitude distrib ...
SEISMOTECTONIC ANALYSIS OF ZIARAT, BALOCHISTAN
... earthquake were felt in most parts of Balochistan including some adjacent parts of Sindh Province. The intensity of main shock was VIII in and around the Ziarat-Pashin areas while Peak Ground Acceleration recorded at Quetta was 0.17m/sec2 (horizontal component) and 0.06 m/sec2 (vertical Component). ...
... earthquake were felt in most parts of Balochistan including some adjacent parts of Sindh Province. The intensity of main shock was VIII in and around the Ziarat-Pashin areas while Peak Ground Acceleration recorded at Quetta was 0.17m/sec2 (horizontal component) and 0.06 m/sec2 (vertical Component). ...
Earthquakes - Kean University
... The deadly Izmit earthquake struck northwest Turkey on August 17, 1999, at 3 a.m. Over 14,000 residents of the region were killed as poorly constructed apartment complexes pancaked to the ground, each floor collapsing on the one below (Fig. 1). The death toll from this single event was greater than ...
... The deadly Izmit earthquake struck northwest Turkey on August 17, 1999, at 3 a.m. Over 14,000 residents of the region were killed as poorly constructed apartment complexes pancaked to the ground, each floor collapsing on the one below (Fig. 1). The death toll from this single event was greater than ...
PUBLICATIONS
... reviewed migration of earthquakes of similar magnitudes along the entire Pacific margin and the eastern termination of the Alpine-Himalayan belt (Mogi, 1968a). In both cases, earthquake migration velocities along the seismic zones were similar and amounted to V≈200 (170–230) km/year. It was also not ...
... reviewed migration of earthquakes of similar magnitudes along the entire Pacific margin and the eastern termination of the Alpine-Himalayan belt (Mogi, 1968a). In both cases, earthquake migration velocities along the seismic zones were similar and amounted to V≈200 (170–230) km/year. It was also not ...
Vertical and Horizontal Seismic Impedance Moments, and Corner
... Where Miox = horizontal seismic impedance moment in N-m. The value obtained from Eqn. (3.5) could be used to compare with the mantle magnitude M m (Okal and Talandier, 1989, and 1990). The effects of impedance factors on moment magnitudes based on the velocity of Love wave can be estimated by replac ...
... Where Miox = horizontal seismic impedance moment in N-m. The value obtained from Eqn. (3.5) could be used to compare with the mantle magnitude M m (Okal and Talandier, 1989, and 1990). The effects of impedance factors on moment magnitudes based on the velocity of Love wave can be estimated by replac ...
Bathymetry from Space
... blue on the left panel), the Kuroshio intrudes farther west (right panel) than indicated by observations. From Metzger, E.J. and H.E. Hurlburt, 2001, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1059-1062. ...
... blue on the left panel), the Kuroshio intrudes farther west (right panel) than indicated by observations. From Metzger, E.J. and H.E. Hurlburt, 2001, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1059-1062. ...
Earthquake slip on oceanic transform faults
... relatively young transform faults. Few transform fault studies have used ocean-bottom seismometers, and most were unable to resolve hypocentres accurately10. Very slow slip occurs in some earthquakes11, but the observations of oceanic transform earthquakes3±5 remain controversial. This is because th ...
... relatively young transform faults. Few transform fault studies have used ocean-bottom seismometers, and most were unable to resolve hypocentres accurately10. Very slow slip occurs in some earthquakes11, but the observations of oceanic transform earthquakes3±5 remain controversial. This is because th ...
Wave-equation-based travel-time seismic tomography
... blue box in Fig. 1) into 2 km × 2 km × 2 km blocks and only choose one event in each block that is recorded by the maximal number of stations if it exists. As a result, our selected data set includes 78 523 first P wave and 46 999 first S wave arrival times recorded by 275 SCSN stations (Fig. 2b) fo ...
... blue box in Fig. 1) into 2 km × 2 km × 2 km blocks and only choose one event in each block that is recorded by the maximal number of stations if it exists. As a result, our selected data set includes 78 523 first P wave and 46 999 first S wave arrival times recorded by 275 SCSN stations (Fig. 2b) fo ...
Seismic Waves from the Outer and the Inner Core
... exceptional ones-of ScS wave recordings, obtained at a short distance, for earthquakes at normal depth (or only slightly deeper). The first three are from the Aegean Islands earthquakes of 1957 April 24, 25 and 26. ScS waves are normally observed only in the case of earthquakes at a great depth (mor ...
... exceptional ones-of ScS wave recordings, obtained at a short distance, for earthquakes at normal depth (or only slightly deeper). The first three are from the Aegean Islands earthquakes of 1957 April 24, 25 and 26. ScS waves are normally observed only in the case of earthquakes at a great depth (mor ...
07_chapter 1
... economy, life and property. Historically, there is no other natural phenomenon that has produced loss of life as great as the 8 lakhs people killed in the Chinese earthquake of 1556 (Yeats et al., 1997). A recent example of such damage was Japan earthquake (M 8.6) which hit the East coast of Honshu, ...
... economy, life and property. Historically, there is no other natural phenomenon that has produced loss of life as great as the 8 lakhs people killed in the Chinese earthquake of 1556 (Yeats et al., 1997). A recent example of such damage was Japan earthquake (M 8.6) which hit the East coast of Honshu, ...
summary of the investigation of the may 10, 2008, belden
... seemed to describe typical grade II effects. The residents in this area were concerned not only about the vibrations but also about the noise that accompanied it. Many likened it to an airplane crash. Pets from throughout the area were disturbed by the earthquake, although none exhibited any behavio ...
... seemed to describe typical grade II effects. The residents in this area were concerned not only about the vibrations but also about the noise that accompanied it. Many likened it to an airplane crash. Pets from throughout the area were disturbed by the earthquake, although none exhibited any behavio ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG)
... and magnitude of earthquakes asLog N (M) = a – b (M)………………………… (1) Where N (M) is the number of earthquake of magnitude ≥ M, ‘a’ is the number of earthquakes of magnitude larger than 0 and ‘b’ describes the relative distribution of small and large earthquake. The value of ‘a’ and ‘b’ are generally d ...
... and magnitude of earthquakes asLog N (M) = a – b (M)………………………… (1) Where N (M) is the number of earthquake of magnitude ≥ M, ‘a’ is the number of earthquakes of magnitude larger than 0 and ‘b’ describes the relative distribution of small and large earthquake. The value of ‘a’ and ‘b’ are generally d ...
a testable five-year forecast of moderate and large earthquakes in
... 1. By using the longest possible time span for our “learning” catalog, we have tried to construct a model that will be valid over several decades. Some other models are based on smaller earthquakes over shorter periods; these may not capture effects that are only evident in the long term. 2. We use ...
... 1. By using the longest possible time span for our “learning” catalog, we have tried to construct a model that will be valid over several decades. Some other models are based on smaller earthquakes over shorter periods; these may not capture effects that are only evident in the long term. 2. We use ...
Computing Earthquake Probabilities on Global Scales
... Data Issues. A major constraint on the method is variation in the quality of the data with location. Data quality is highest in the United States, specifically California. Here the data catalogs are generally complete (at least in southern California) from 1932 for magnitudes larger than about !m ≥ ...
... Data Issues. A major constraint on the method is variation in the quality of the data with location. Data quality is highest in the United States, specifically California. Here the data catalogs are generally complete (at least in southern California) from 1932 for magnitudes larger than about !m ≥ ...
13 Mechanical Waves Fall 2003
... wave. It is usually more convenient to make A in Eq. (22) the amplitude of the standing wave. We simply replace (−2A) by A and make the appropriate substitutions for k and ω, from Eqs. (26) and (29). The final result is From Eq. (24), the wave number k n for mode n is ...
... wave. It is usually more convenient to make A in Eq. (22) the amplitude of the standing wave. We simply replace (−2A) by A and make the appropriate substitutions for k and ω, from Eqs. (26) and (29). The final result is From Eq. (24), the wave number k n for mode n is ...
PHY1025F-2014-V01-Oscillations-Lecture Slides
... … require some source of disturbance and a medium that can be disturbed with some physical connection or mechanism through which adjacent portions can influence each other (e.g. waves on a string, sound, water waves) ...
... … require some source of disturbance and a medium that can be disturbed with some physical connection or mechanism through which adjacent portions can influence each other (e.g. waves on a string, sound, water waves) ...
Open resource - Homeland Security Digital Library
... Body waves Seismograms use body waves to determine location of earthquakes. There are two types of body waves: • “P” waves (“primary”) • “S” waves (“secondary”) ...
... Body waves Seismograms use body waves to determine location of earthquakes. There are two types of body waves: • “P” waves (“primary”) • “S” waves (“secondary”) ...
South China Sea - The Oceanography Society
... life cycle of the waves prompted IWISE (Internal Waves in Straits Experiment), a focused study of internal wave generation within Luzon Strait. A pilot program was conducted in 2010, which benefitted from modeling efforts that began in 2005. The resulting predictions, time-average maps of baroclinic ...
... life cycle of the waves prompted IWISE (Internal Waves in Straits Experiment), a focused study of internal wave generation within Luzon Strait. A pilot program was conducted in 2010, which benefitted from modeling efforts that began in 2005. The resulting predictions, time-average maps of baroclinic ...
Supplementary information
... accordance with Newton’s Law (Acceleration = Force / Mass)? The reason is that plate motion is also opposed by resisting forces along plate boundaries, most commonly with continental collision zones, such as those present on New Zealand’s South Island or in Papua New Guinea (Figure 1A). Tectonic pla ...
... accordance with Newton’s Law (Acceleration = Force / Mass)? The reason is that plate motion is also opposed by resisting forces along plate boundaries, most commonly with continental collision zones, such as those present on New Zealand’s South Island or in Papua New Guinea (Figure 1A). Tectonic pla ...
Christchurch Earthquake
... and closer earthquakes, and more severe ground motions (above the median ground motion level) for motions (above the median ground motion level) for that magnitude and distance • Considerations related to existing buildings: Considerations related to existing buildings:* – Building codes do not re ...
... and closer earthquakes, and more severe ground motions (above the median ground motion level) for motions (above the median ground motion level) for that magnitude and distance • Considerations related to existing buildings: Considerations related to existing buildings:* – Building codes do not re ...
Full text
... observed earthquake data is compared with that synthesized for random earthquake occurrence. Statistical analysis confirms a significant difference between the observed and random catalogs for 13 subregions, which include the areas where unusual seismic activities took place recently, and where the ...
... observed earthquake data is compared with that synthesized for random earthquake occurrence. Statistical analysis confirms a significant difference between the observed and random catalogs for 13 subregions, which include the areas where unusual seismic activities took place recently, and where the ...
Wave-induced drift of small floating objects in regular waves
... solves the flow surrounding these large objects which scatter waves, using the surfaces of the objects as flow boundaries. The velocity and pressure fields around the objects can be calculated by the potential theory. As to smaller objects, their disturbance to the wave field can usually be neglected, a ...
... solves the flow surrounding these large objects which scatter waves, using the surfaces of the objects as flow boundaries. The velocity and pressure fields around the objects can be calculated by the potential theory. As to smaller objects, their disturbance to the wave field can usually be neglected, a ...
Earthquake rupture below the brittle-ductile transition in continental
... respectively. Because we have both P and S measurements, we can combine them to obtain the length of the rupture without assuming the rupture duration. We stretch the STFs in the time domain according to Eq. 1, varying the rupture velocity, fault length, and rupture direction, and compute the cross- ...
... respectively. Because we have both P and S measurements, we can combine them to obtain the length of the rupture without assuming the rupture duration. We stretch the STFs in the time domain according to Eq. 1, varying the rupture velocity, fault length, and rupture direction, and compute the cross- ...
Seismic Hazard Analysis of Low Seismic Regions, Visakhapatnam
... of earthquakes took place with low to high magnitudes. Some areas earlier considered stable have experienced severe damages caused by earthquakes. Noticeable earthquakes have occurred in stable regions like Latur in Maharashtra, Bhuj in Gujarat and Jabalpur in Chhattisgarh. Present study used probab ...
... of earthquakes took place with low to high magnitudes. Some areas earlier considered stable have experienced severe damages caused by earthquakes. Noticeable earthquakes have occurred in stable regions like Latur in Maharashtra, Bhuj in Gujarat and Jabalpur in Chhattisgarh. Present study used probab ...
How frequent are earthquakes?
... An analogy is with predicting the behaviour of sand in an egg timer. We can predict with great accuracy how long the sand will take to fall through to the lower chamber. We can predict what shape the pile of sand will make in the lower chamber. However we cannot predict where an individual grain of ...
... An analogy is with predicting the behaviour of sand in an egg timer. We can predict with great accuracy how long the sand will take to fall through to the lower chamber. We can predict what shape the pile of sand will make in the lower chamber. However we cannot predict where an individual grain of ...
Tsunami
A tsunami (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. ""harbor wave"";English pronunciation: /tsuːˈnɑːmi/), also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. In being generated by the displacement of water, a tsunami contrasts both with a normal ocean wave generated by wind and with tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on bodies of water.Tsunami waves do not resemble normal sea waves, because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this reason they are often referred to as tidal waves, although this usage is not favored by the scientific community because tsunamis are not tidal in nature. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called ""wave train"". Wave heights of tens of meters can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can affect entire ocean basins; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.The Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his late-5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War, that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the understanding of a tsunami's nature remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include trying to determine why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; trying to accurately forecast the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and also to forecast how tsunami waves would interact with specific shorelines.