Download BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration

BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
Exam Unit 2
FIRST – study notes and read textbook, review the list of objectives for unit 2 (Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9)
Next, review homework assignments and worksheets
Organelle review
Worksheet cell biology
Worksheet membrane transport
Worksheet enzymes
Worksheet metabolism and cellular respiration
Glycolysis True or false. If false, indicate why
1. _______Glycolysis takes place in the cristae of mitochondria
2. _______ An end product of glycolysis is pyruvate
3. _______ A 6 carbon sugar is oxidized in glycolysis
4. _______ CO2 is a waste product of glycolysis
5. _______ sugar + NAD+  pyruvate + NADH + 2 ATP represents glycolysis
6. _______ Glycolysis leads to fermentation in some bacteria and yeast
7. _______ Glycolysis involves an energy pay-off and then an energy investment phase
8. _______ A net of 4 ATP are produced in glycolysis
9. _______ Pyruvate contains 3 carbons
10. _______ Glycolysis involves 10 steps tightly controlled by enzymes
11. _______ Glycolysis is an exergonic process that releases energy
12. _______ Glucose is modified to form acetyl CoA for the citric acid cycle
13. _______ Glycolysis does not use oxygen, it is anaerobic
14. _______ Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration
15. ___ It is likely that glycolysis was the method of ATP production in first organisms on Earth.
16. _______ Organisms that engage in glycolysis cannot engage in fermentation
The Citric Acid Cycle True or false. If false, indicate why
1. _______ The purpose of the citric acid cycle is to remove excess oxygen from cells
2. _______ The initial molecule in the citric acid cycle is acetyl-CoA
3. _______ The citric acid cycle occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
4. _______ 1 glucose molecule leads to 2 turns of the citric acid cycle and produce 2 ATP
5. _______ The citric acid cycle is a loosely controlled series of enzymatic steps
6. _______ All living organisms engage in the citric acid cycle
7. _______ Carbon dioxide is produced in the citric acid cycle
8. _______ Electron carriers oxygen and water are produced in the citric acid cycle
9. _______ The citric acid cycle is the second step in cellular respiration
10. _______ The citric acid cycle is also called the Crab cycle
BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
Oxidative phosphorylation True or false. If false, indicate why.
1. _______ Oxidative phosphorylation involves the electron transport chain
2. _______ Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the cytoplasm
3. _______ Oxidative phosphorylation is an aerobic process
4. _______ Ca+2 ions are pumped into the mitochondrial matrix during electron transport
5. _______ Electrons are donated by NADH and FADH2
6. _______ Energy is harvested in a step wise fashion
7. _______ Water is produced in oxidative phosphorylation
8. _______ ATP is broken down to 34 ADP + 34 P in oxidative phosphorylation
9. _______ATP is synthesized by a ATP synthase
10. _______ ATP synthase requires H+ ions to operate
11. _______ The total amount of ATP produced by all cellular respiration activities is ~ 24
12. _______ Cellular respiration can be represented by: C6H12O6 + CO2 - O2 + H2O + energy
13. _______ Oxidative phosphorylation cannot occur in prokaryotes
14. _______ Mitochondria are located in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells
15. _______ One cell may have thousands of mitochondria
16. _______ lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins can serve as fuel for cellular respiration
Fermentation True or false. If false, indicate why
1. _______ Fermentation is linked to the citric acid cycle
2. _______ Fermentation may produce ethanol
3. _______ Yeast and bacteria engage in fermentation
4. _______ Human cells can engage in fermentation
5. _______ Obligate anaerobes engage in fermentation
6. _______ Fermentation begins with pyruvate
7. _______ Fermentation does not produce CO2
8. _______ Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm
9. _______ Fermentation cannot produce ATP
10. _______ Fermentation is linked to glycolysis
Practice questions metabolism and cellular respiration
1. Choose the pair of terms that completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as ___ is to __
a. Exergonic: spontaneous
b. Exergonic: endergonic
c. Heat: entropy
d. First law of thermodynamics: second law
2. Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cells do not have much heat, they are relatively cool
Heat can never be used to do work
Heat must remain constant during work
Temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell
10.
BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
3. Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ADP +
→ ATP + H2O
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
amino acids → protein
4. If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to
a. add more enzyme.
b. heat the solution to 90°C.
c. add more substrate.
d. add a noncompetitive inhibitor.
5. Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because
a. they are able to maintain a lower internal temperature.
b. high temperatures make catalysis unnecessary.
c. their enzymes have high optimal temperatures
d. their enzymes are insensitive to temperature
6. Using a series of arrows, draw the branched metabolic reaction pathway described by the following statements,
and then answer the question at the end. Use red arrows and minus signs to indicate inhibition.
L can form either M or N.
M can form O.
O can form either P or R.
P can form Q.
R can form S.
O inhibits the reaction of L to form M.
Q inhibits the reaction of O to form P.
S inhibits the reaction of O to form R.
Which reaction(s) would prevail if both Q and S were present in the cell in high concentrations?
a. L  M
b. M O
c. L N
d. O P
e. R S
7. Glycolysis leads to production of ____ and 2 molecules of ATP. In the absence of oxygen, fermentation leads to
production of ______. Glycolysis plus the citric acid cycle can convert the carbons of glucose to ______, storing
the energy as ATP, _____ and ____.
lactic acid, pyruvate, CO2, NADH, FADH2
A.
B.
pyruvate, lactic acid, CO2, NADH, FADH2
C.
CO2, NADH, FADH2, lactic acid, pyruvate
D.
E.
O2, lactic acid, pyruvate, FADH2
glucose, lactic acid, CO2, NADH, FADH2
BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
8.
At the end of glycolysis, each molecule of glucose has yielded 2 molecules of _______, 2 molecules of
________, and a net of 2 molecules of _________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
9.
FAD; NAD+; ADP
CO2; NAD+; ADP
lactic acid; ethanol; CO2
pyruvate, NADH, ATP
H2O; CO2; ATP
The electron transport chain is located predominantly in the:
A. Outer membrane of the mitochondria
B. Intermembrane space of the mitochondria
C. Inner membrane of the mitochondria
D. Matrix of the mitochondria
E. Cytoplasm of the cell
10. The terminal electron acceptor during mitochondrial respiration:
A.
B.
H2 0
NADH
D.
E.
ATP
O2
11. ATP synthase can produce ATP using as a direct energy source:
a. energy from the conversion of glucose to pyruvate
b. energy from the oxidation of pyruvate producing CO2 and H20
c. energy from a proton (H+) gradient established in mitochondria
d. energy derived from the breakdown of NADH and FADH2
Examine the following reaction, and then answer the questions below:
catecholase
catechol + oxygen (O2)---------------> polyphenol
12. The enzyme in this reaction is...
a. catechol
b. oxygen
c. catecholase
d. polyphenol
13. . The product in this reaction is...
a. catechol
b. oxygen
c. catecholase
d. polyphenol
BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
14. The substrate in this reaction is...
a. catechol
b. catecholase
c. polyphenol
d. ATP
15. An enzyme is primarily made of:
a. carbohydrate
b. protein
c. nucleic acid
d. lipid
16. Competitive inhibitors stop an enzyme from working by…
a. changing the shape of the enzyme
b. merging with the substrate instead
c. blocking the active site of the enzyme
d. combining with the product of the reaction
17. When a molecule binds to an area of an enzyme that is not the active site, and changes the shape of the enzyme so
that it no longer can work, this is called...
a. denaturation
b. competitive inhibition
c. noncompetitive inhibition
d. substrate delocation
18. In an enzymatic reaction, the amount of ________________ determines the amount of product produced.
a. catalyst
b. reactant
c. oxygen
d. enzyme
e. water
19. The name of an enzyme usually ends in:
a. -ing
b. -and
c. -ase
d. –eme
20. When a molecule other than the substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme, this is.
a. denaturation
b. competitive inhibition
c. noncompetitive inhibition
d. substrate delocation
21. An enzyme:
a.
b.
c.
d.
is a substrate
is catalyst
is used up in a reaction
none of the above
BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
22. To overcome an energy barrier between reactants and products, energy must be provided to get the reaction
started. This energy, which is recovered as the reaction proceeds, is called:
a. activation energy
b. initiation energy
c. reaction energy
d. kinetic energy
23. Exergonic reactions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
release energy
are spontaneous reactions
can be coupled to energonic reactions
All statements are true
24. Enzymes:
can bind metal ions that participate in reactions.
A.
have defined structures.
B.
bind their substrates at active sites.
C.
all statements are true.
D.
25. A(n) _______ reaction releases energy. Energy must be added for a(n) _______ reaction to proceed.
a. enzyme catalyzed, non-spontaneous
b. exergonic, endergonic
c. endergonic, spontaneous
d. catalytic, non-catalytic
26. Consider the reaction: Glucose + ATP  Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP
Δ G is + 12.6 kJ/mol.
a. The reaction is endergonic and thus makes free energy available to fuel life processes
b. The reaction requires free energy and thus is endergonic
c. This is an exergonic reaction which is spontaneous and makes energy available
d. The reaction requires free energy and is exergonic
27. Place in 3 groups to represent the steps of cellular respiration. A few may be placed in more than one group
Glycolysis
2 Pyruvate
Anaerobic
Acetyl CoA
2 ATP yield per molecule glucose
Carbon dioxide released
34 ATP yield per molecule glucose
Oxygen used
ADP  ATP
Electron transport
Energy investment phase
ATP synthase
1 ATP per turn of cycle
Mitochondrial matrix
Oxidative phosphorylation
Citric acid cycle
10 controlled steps
H+ ion gradient
Mitochondrial inner membrane
CO2 release
Cytoplasm
Glucose
NADH produced
NADH and FADH2 donate electrons