Download Unit 4: Microscopes and Structure and Function of Cells Study Guide

Monkemeier
Honors Biology
November 20, 2014 and November 21, 2014
Unit 4: Microscopes and Structure and Function of Cells
Unit 4: Microscopes and Structure and Function of Cells Study Guide
Unit 4 Text References:
Biology 8th edition: Chapter 4 pages 59 – 84
Biology 7th edition: Chapter 6 pages 92 - 123
1. Explain the significance of The Cell Theory. List the scientists and their specific contributions
to The Cell Theory and our knowledge of cells. State the three principles of The Cell Theory.
2. Why is cell size limited? What is the mathematical model that describes the size limitations of
cells? List the size ranges of the following: cellular organelles, prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic
cells.
3. List and explain the structures that are common to all cells (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
4. All cells can be categorized into one of three domains. Identify and describe the criteria for
grouping organisms into the three domains. Provide specific examples of organisms that
would be found in each of the three domains.
5. Draw, label and state the functions of the structures found in a typical prokaryotic cell.
6. Distinguish between the prokaryotic kingdoms: Eubacteria and Archeabacteria.
7. Distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria. Which type is more virulent?
Why?
8. WHY are Archeabacteria more closely related to eukaryotes than to prokaryotes?
9. WHAT is one of the most fundamental distinctions between a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic
cell?
10. Compare and contrast eukaryotic cells with prokaryotic cells with respect to: cell size, cell
boundary, structures present, differences in ribosomes, and movement.
11. Draw, label and state the function of the structures found in a typical eukaryotic cell.
12. Distinguish between plant and animal cells with respect to cell structures.
13. Explain the significance of the endomembrane system and the structure and relationships
among the following: endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth), Golgi Apparatus, and
lysosomes.
14. How do lysosomes relate to human genetic disorders, homeostasis, and cell transport?
15. Explain the significance of microbodies to plant and animal cells.
16. Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the mitochondria and chloroplast.
17. The Theory of Endosymbiosis was first proposed in 1905 and then formalized in 1970. Explain
the Theory of Endosymbiosis and its significance to evolution.
18. Explain the structure and function of the cytoskeleton. List and describe the types of fibers
that make up the cytoskeleton.
19. Compare and contrast flagella and cilia. Explain how each contributes to cell movement.
20. What is the significance of the extracellular matrix and how does it communicate with the
cytoskeleton? What is the role of the ECM with communication between cells?
21. Draw, label and explain the structure of a typical plant cell wall.
22. Distinguish between the cell walls of: eubacteria, archeabacteria, plants, protists and fungi.
23. Compare and contrast the magnification, preparation of specimen, resolution and source of
image for each of the following microscopes: compound light microscope, transmission
electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. Mention the size ranges for resolution
for each of the three microscopes.
24. Explain how resolution relates to human eyesight and to the resolving power of microscopes.