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Atom
The smallest units of matter; combines with other atoms to
form molecules. Both living and nonliving things are made
from atoms.
Molecule
Two or more atoms joined together. Can be made from the
same atoms or different atoms.
Pure Element
Molecule made entirely from the same type of atom.
Compound
Molecules made from different atoms.
Organic Compound
A compound that contains carbon atoms.
Carbon
An element found in all living things
Organic Compound
A molecule that contains carbon along with other elements
Monomer
A small molecule that joins together with other monomers
(mono = single)
Polymer/Macromolecule
A large molecule made from many monomers joined
together
(poly = many)
Polymerization
The process of joining monomers together to form polymers
Carbohydrate
An organic compound that living things use as their main
source of energy
Glucose
Monomer of carbohydrates
Starch
A carbohydrate polymer used by plants to store energy;
made from glucose monomers
Cellulose
Another carbohydrate polymer; used by plants for structure
Lipid
X
An organic compound that living things use to store energy;
not made from monomers
Nucleic Acid
An organic compound that stores and transmits genetic
information (DNA)
Nucleotide
Monomer of nucleic acid (DNA)
Protein
An organic compound that gives strength and structure,
fights disease, and speeds up chemical reactions
Amino Acid
Monomer of protein
Enzyme
A special protein that speeds up the rate of chemical
reactions
Chemical Reaction
+
=
Process in which reactants change into products; bonds
between atoms change, creating a new substance.
Reactants
+
Substances that enter into a chemical reaction.
Product
New substance(s) created during a chemical reaction.
Activation Energy
The amount of energy needed to get a reaction started. High
activation energy = slow, difficult reaction.
Enzyme
A protein that speeds up (catalyzes) chemical reactions by
lowering the activation energy.
Substrate
Substance an enzyme acts upon and changes.
Catalyze
To speed up a chemical reaction.