Download chemistry vocab unit 2 answers

Unit 2 - Biochemistry - Vocabulary Review
atom
building block of all matter; smallest part of an element
acid
proton donor; ph <7; releases H+ ions when dissolved in water
covalent bond
bond formed when atoms share electrons
element
substance that cannot be broken down any further, composed of only one type of
atom
ion
a charged atom, that has gained or lost an electron
isotope
atoms of the same element that have different #s of neutrons and thus diff. atomic
masses
ph scale
measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution (from 0 - 14), telling
whether a substance is an acid or a base
reactants
substances that participate in a chemical reaction
activation energy
energy need to start a chemical reaction
amino acid
it chains to form proteins; consists of C (Carboxyl) group, N (Amine) group and
others
carbohydrate
organic compound made of C,H, and O, that is used mostly for energy in organisms
catalyst
substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
disaccharide
double sugars
double helix
structure of the dna molecule
monosaccharide
single sugar; simplest forms of carbohydrates
nucleotides
these make up nucleic acids
polypeptide
name for proteins based on the type of bonds found in proteins
proteins
organic compound composed of amino acids (contain C,H,O, and N)
starch
energy storage polysaccharide found in plants
hydrophobic
substance that cannot mix with water
(atomic) nucleus
central mass of an atom containing protons and neutrons
base
proton acceptor; pH>7; substance that releases hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved
in water
compound
substance composed of two or more different kinds of elements
electron
negative subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus and weighs very little
inorganic
compound
compound that does not contain carbon (and hydrogen together)
ionic bond
bond that is formed by the give and take of electrons
neutron
subatomic particle with no charge and a weight of 1 amu, found in the nucleus
organic compound compound that contains carbon (and hydrogen)
proton
positive subatomic particle with a weight of 1 amu, found in the nucleus
active site
area of an enzyme that binds with the substrate
coenzyme
substances (ex. vitamins) needed by certain enzymes to completely form a working
active site
DNA
molecule containing the genetic code in all cells of each organisms
enzyme
biological catalyst; protein that speeds up reactions in an organism
glucose
monosaccharide that is produced by plants in photosynthesis and used by all
organisms in the process of respiration
glycogen
energy storage polysaccharide found in animals
lipid
organic compound stores the most energy and is used to form cell membranes;
formed from fatty acids and a glycerol
molecule
smallest part of a compound joined with covalent bonds; all organic compounds
contain molecules
nucleic acid
organic compound that forms DNA and RNA; consists of nucleotides
peptide bond
bond used to join amino acids into proteins
polysaccharide
carbohydrate is formed of long chains of simple sugars
products
the substances that are formed in a chemical reaction
RNA
nucleic acid found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells, used in delivery of
genetic code
Hydrophilic
substance that can mix with and dissolve in water
dehydration
synthesis
creation (combining) of organic compounds by removing water
Hydrolysis
breaking down (killing) organic compounds by adding water
Nucleotide
phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogenous base, forming nucleic acids
homogenous
describes something that looks THE SAME throughout
Polymer
a long chain of monomers linked by dehydration synthesis
Monomer
one small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form
a polymer
chemical reaction
1 or more substances react to form 1 or more DIFFERENT substances
Enzyme
organic molecule (protein) that acts as a catalyst
Substrate
substance in an organism (usu. food) acted upon by an enzyme
Solution
a homogenous mixture (in which all substances look the same)
Solute
the substance that dissolves in a solution
Solvent
the substance that a solute dissolves in (oftentimes water)
Matter
anything that has mass and volume (takes up space)
Energy
the ability to do work
kinetic energy
the energy of motion
atomic number
the # of protons in an element
mass number
the # of protons plus the # of neutrons in an element
Subscript
number at the bottom right of a chemical symbol, showing how many atoms are in
that molecule
Saturated
describes a "full" solution that can't hold any more solute