Download Biochemistry and Water Test Review

Biochemistry and Water Test
Review
The Subatomic Particles, Charges and Where
They are Found
Protons
Positive +
In Nucleus
Electrons
Negative Around
Nucleus--Electron
Shell/Cloud
Neutrons
Neutral
In Nucleus
Why do unstable atoms bond?
To fill outer shells so they can become
STABLE..
Difference between Bonds
COVALENT---SHARE electrons--IONIC—1 atom loses an electron (OXIDATION)
1 atom gains an electron (REDUCTION)
Most Likely to form an IONIC bond--Na or Cl
WATER
Why is it Polar?
Because when it bonds….Oxygen holds electron
more so it becomes slightly NEGATIVE
Hydrogen becomes slightly POSITIVE
But OVERALL the molecule has NO CHARGE
WATER
Universal Solvent
Because of its Polarity/Charges--It attracts other Polar molecules breaking them
apart---Dissolving them
No substance can cause WATER to break apart
WATER
3 Properties based on Hydrogen Bonds:
a. Cohesive---stick to each other
b. Adhesive—sticks to other molecules
c. Capillary Action---moving through tubes as
a liquid
Organic Compounds
ALL Organic Compounds MUST have
Carbon----Hydrogen
C-H
All About the ENZYMES
Organic Compound-----PROTEIN
Scientists Consider it---BIOLOGICAL CATALYST
Active Site---the place on the ENZYME where the
Substrate attaches and the reaction takes place.
Substrate– the compound that the enzyme works
on to make a new product.
All About the ENZYMES
When something else than the substrate
attaches—
It will inhibit the enzyme from working or
working properly
What happens when the temperature goes up?
The enzyme does not work..because
temperature changes its shape…shape allows it
to work properly
Monomers and Polymers
Monomers—Also known as a Building Block or a
Subunit of an organic molecule/compound
1 unit of an organic molecule
Polymers– Many MONOMERS bonded together
Form Macromolecules
Dehydration Synthesis AKA Condensation
Vs.
Hydrolysis
Dehydration---when 2 monomers bondto create
a polymer---water is removed
Hydrolysis---when a polymer is broken down into
monomers---water is added
Soluble vs Insoluble
Soluble---dissolves in water because it is
Polar(charged) and attracted to water
Insoluble—does not dissolve in water because it
is NONPOLAR(not charged) and not attracted to
water
Metabolism AND Homeostasis
Metabolism---sum of all chemical processes in
the body
Homeostasis– an organism’s ability to maintain a
stable internal environment
Ex pH and Temperature
Cell Membrane Molecule made of
CH2(lipid) and phosphate?
Phospholipid
Function:
To allow things in and out of cell
Organic Molecule Info:
Carbohydrates
Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks--Glucose (monosaccharides)
Main Function:
SHORT Term energy
Soluble or Insoluble---MOST Soluble
Examples---Cellulose, Starch
Organic Molecule Info:
Lipids
Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks--Fatty acids
Main Function:
LONG Term energy and Insulation
Soluble or Insoluble---Insoluble
Examples---Fats, oils
Organic Molecule Info:
Proteins
Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks--Amino Acids
Main Function:
Transport nutrients,
support,defense,motion,regulation,metabolism,
Soluble or Insoluble---MOST soluble
Examples---Collagen, Hemoglobin
Organic Molecule Info:
Nucleic Acid
Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks--Nucleotide
Main Function:
Building Blocks of Heredity
Soluble or Insoluble---Soluble
Examples---DNA, RNA
Know the Following Molecules and Their
Structures:
WATER
PROTEIN
Know the Following Molecules and Their
Structures:
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Atom Answers
• How many protons/positive charges? Count the + s
• How many electrons/negative charges? Count the –s
• How many neutrons/neutrals? Count the
s
• What is the overall charge of the atom?
• No charge
• Because the number of +s equals the number of –s
•
(protons)
(electrons)
Constructive Response
General Composition of a Protein
Elements:
C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
Building Block/Monomers:
Amino Acids
Polymers:
Amino Acids bonded together by peptide bonds
Constructive Response
Difference Between Protein and Carbs
PROTEIN
Carbohydrates
Elements:
Elements:
C, H, O, N
C,H,O
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Carbon, Hydrogen
Oxygen and Nitrogen
Oxygen
Building Block/Monomers: Building Blocks/Monomers
Amino Acids
Glucose/Monosaccharides
Constructive Response
Difference Between Protein and Carbs Functions
PROTEIN
Carbohydrates
Support
SHORT term energy
Transport
Structure
Metabolism
Protection
Regulation
Defense
Motion