Download Chapter #21 Notes

Chapter #21
Other
Organic
Compounds
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Chapter 21.1
• Functional group is an atom or group
of atoms that is responsible for the
specific properties of an organic
compound.
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
Alcohols are organic compounds that contain
one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH)
Name the parent compound. Locate the
longest continuous chain that contains the
hydroxyl group. Change the ending –ol. If
there are more than one OH –diol, -triol,…
Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain.
Number the carbon atoms in the chain so that
the -OH has the lowest #.
Insert position numbers. Place the # of the
OH before the parent name.
Punctuate the name.
•
Alkyl halides are organic compounds in
which one or more halogens atoms.
1. Name the parent compound. Locate the
longest continuous chain that contains
the halogen.
2. Number the parent carbon chain. # the
C’s so that the SUM of the halogen #’s is
as low as possible.
3. Insert position numbers.
4. Punctuate the name.
•
•
Ethers are organic compounds in which
two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to
the same atom of oxygen.
R-O-R’ R= a hydrocarbon chain
1. Name the parent compound. The word
ether with will come at the end.
2. Add the names of the alkyl groups. Put
in alpha order.
3. Leave appropriate spaces in the name.
Chapter 21.2
•
Aldehydes are organic compounds in
which the carbonyl group (C=O) is
attached to a carbon atom at the
end of a carbon chain.
1. Name the parent compound. Locate
the longest continuous chain that
contains the carbonyl group.
2. Add the ending –al.
• Ketones are organic compounds in which
the carbonyl group is attached to carbon
atoms within the chain.
1. Name the parent compound. Locate the
longest continuous chain that contains
the carbonyl group. Add the suffix –one
to the prefix.
2. Number the carbon atoms in the parent
chain. Number the carbon atoms in the
chain so the carbonyl has the lowest #.
3. Insert position numbers.
4. Punctuate the name.
• Carboxylic acids are organic
compounds that contain the carboxyl
group.
1. Name the parent compound. Locate
the longest continuous chain that
contains the carboxyl group.
2. Change the ending to –oic acid.
If there are more than one carboxyl
groups –dioic acid -trioic acid
• Esters are organic compounds with
carboxylic acid groups in which the
hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has
been replaced by an alkyl group.
• 1. Name the parent compound.
• 2. change the –oic acid ending in the
name of this acid to –oate.
• 3. Add the name of the alkyl group.
• 4. Punctuate the name.
• Amines are organic compounds that
can be considered to be derivatives
of ammonia NH3
• 1. Name the parent compound.
• 2. change the ending to -amine
• 3. Add the name of the alkyl group.
• 4. Punctuate the name.
Chapter 21.3
• Substitution reactions- is one in
which one or more atoms replace
another atom or group of atoms in a
molecule.
• Addition reactions- is one in which an
atom or molecule is added to an
unsaturated molecule (has multiple
bonds) and increases the saturation
of the molecule. (has to have double
or triple bonds and those break
apart)
• Condensation reactions is one in
which two molecules or parts of the
same molecule combine.
• Elimination reactions is one in which a
simple molecule, such as water or
ammonia, is removed from adjacent
carbon atoms of a larger molecule.
Chapter 21.4
• Read over section…
• “Cartoon”. Aug. 11, 2006.
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