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Matter is anything that has mass and
takes up space.
Matter is composed of very small
particles called atoms. In nature,
there are 92 different forms of
matter that we call elements.
Atoms by Brainpop
There are 11 elements of which most living
things are composed.
The most abundant element in the
human body is oxygen.
The second most abundant element in
the human body is carbon, and in
third place is hydrogen. Together,
these three elements make up 92% of
a human being.
You are expected to memorize the
symbols for the 11 elements that make
up most living things:
Element
Symbol
Oxygen
O
Carbon
C
Hydrogen
H
You are expected to memorize the
symbols for the 11 elements that make
up most living things:
Element
Symbol
Nitrogen
N
Calcium
Ca
Phosphorus
P
You are expected to memorize the
symbols for the 11 elements that make
up most living things:
Element
Symbol
Potassium
K
Sulfur
S
Sodium
Na
You are expected to memorize the
symbols for the 11 elements that make
up most living things:
Element
Symbol
Chlorine
Cl
Magnesium
Mg
Intro to Elements Clip
Atoms combine together to form most
of the substances we observe in the
world around us.
Compounds are formed when the
atoms of two or more elements
chemically joined together to form a
new substance with very different
properties than the elements of
which it is formed.
Compounds, continued…
o The smallest piece of a compound is
called a molecule
o Salt is an example of a compound. It
is composed of an atom of sodium
chemically “glued” to an atom of
chlorine. Each of these NaCl units is
called a molecule.
o There are many compounds that are
important to living things.
Mixtures are formed when two or more
substances are mixed together but not
chemically combined.
Each substance retains its own
characteristics, and can be separated from
each other by simple physical means.
The air in this room is a mixture of nitrogen,
oxygen and small amounts of other gases.
Compounds &
Mixtures Clip
Reading Chemical Formulas:
H2O
The letters tell you what elements make up the
molecule…what are the elements in this molecule?
The little numbers to the right of the letters tell you HOW
MANY ATOMS of each element. If there isn’t one, it just
means that there is one atom of that element.
If there was a number in front of the formula, it would tell
you how many MOLECULES of that substance there was:
4H2O
How many molecules of water are there here?
There are two types of compounds that
are important to living things:
Organic and inorganic compounds
Organic compounds contain the
element carbon.
There are 4 types of organic compounds that
are important to living things:
Organic
Compound
Carbohydrate
Composed of:
Examples
Function
C, H, O
Sugar
Starch
cellulose
Releases
energy for
cells
Organic
Compound
Lipid
Composed of:
Examples
Function
C, H, O
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Stores and
releases
MORE
energy for
cells
Cell membranes are made of lipids
Composed of:
Organic
Compound
Protein
C, H, O, N
Examples
enzymes
Where are proteins made in the cell…?
Function
Used to
build cell
parts;
Made of
smaller
parts
called
amino
acids
Organic
Compound
Nucleic
Acid
Composed of:
Examples
Function
C, H,
O, N, P
DNA
RNA
Stores
hereditary
information
Inorganic compounds are also
important to living things. They DO
NOT contain carbon.
Some examples include:
• water (formula: H2O)
• salt (formula: NaCl)
Simple Chemistry Clip
Let’s Talk about one organic compound that is very
important to living things…
Glucose is one of the most important molecules in biology.
Here are some things you need to know about it:
The chemical formula for
glucose is: C6H12O6
Glucose is manufactured in PLANTS in
the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS
All cells (plants and animals) use glucose
for the purpose of GETTING ENERGY
Let’s Talk about one organic compound that is very
important to living things…
• All energy in a glucose molecule is
located in THE BONDS.
• When the bonds of this molecule are
broken, energy is released. This
happens in the MITOCHONDRIA of
the cell (the powerhouse organelle).