Download The Fugates Inheritance

Genetics
Gregor Mendel
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
Father of genetics
Figured out
mathematical formula
to find inheritable
patterns.
The Fugates
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French immigrant,
Martin Fugate, moved
to Kentucky in 1820
Married Elizabeth
Smith and settled in the
banks of Troublesome
Creek
They had 8 children, 4
were blue.
The Fugates


From 1820 to 1930s, the family lived in
relative isolation and marrying their relatives
and/or other families close by, which included
the Smiths, Combs, Ritchie, and Stacy.
“Kissing cousins”
The Fugates

It was not until 1962 when Luke Comb
brought his ailing wife to the University of
Kentucky Medical Center in Lexington that
allowed doctors to research this odd disorder.
The Pedigree Chart
Terms Set-up
Term
Complementary Term
Acquired-
Inherited-
Autosomal-
Sex-linked-
Homozygous-
Heterozygous-
Dominant-
Recessive-
Genotype-
Phenotype-
Gene-
Allele-
Codominance-
Incomplete-
Monohybrid
Dihybrid
Chromosome
Karyotype
Meiosis
Gamete
Terms


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Acquired vs Inherited traits
Acquired cannot inherit. Example:
knowledge, calluses on fingers, larger
muscles from exercising.
Inherited is passed on through generations.
However, the physical characteristic can skip
generations. Example: hair color, stripes,
eye color.
Terms
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Autosomal vs Sexlinked
Autosomal chromosome 1-22
Sex-linked - involving
sex chromosome (#23)
23 pairs of
chromosomes in
humans
22 are automsomal, 1
is sex
Karyotype
Examples

Sex-linked diseases:
hair loss

Autosomal:
Down syndrome
More terms…

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Gene - molecular unit
of heredity in a living
organism.
Allele - 1 of 2 form of
genes
More terms…

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Heterozygous vs Homozygous
Heterozygous - receiving different alleles
from parents (example: Bb)
Homozygous - receiving same alleles from
parents (example: BB or bb)
More terms…
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Dominant vs recessive
Dominant - a genetic trait is considered
dominant if it is expressed in a person who
has only one copy of that gene (example: BB
or Bb)
Recessive - the recessive form is
overpowered by its counterpart, or dominant,
form located on the other of a pair of
chromosomes (example: bb)
More terms…

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Genotype vs
Phenotype
Genotype - genetic
makeup
Phenotype - observable
traits

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Codominance vs
incomplete dominance
Codominance - both
alleles show up in
phenotype. i.e. blood.
A, B, AB, O
Incomplete - two
different phenotypes
produce a third
phenotype
Genes and alleles

B(dominant), b(recessive) - these are alleles
Gene types
 BB = normal (both dominants)
 Bb = normal phenotype (recessive carrier)
 bb = blue (both recessive)
The Family Tree/Pedigree Chart
2
1
3
4
5
6
8
7
9
10
Your challenge is to determine the
genotypes of each individual on the
family tree.
If B stands for the normal gene and b for
the "blue" gene, BB and Bb are normal
and bb is "blue," write the genotypes for
the individuals in the pedigree. If it is
impossible to tell if the second gene is
dominant or recessive, use a?.
1. Martin Fugate _____
2. Elizabeth Smith _____
3. Zachariah Fugate _____
4. Levy Fugate _____
5. “a Ritchie”
_____
6. Luna Fugate
_____
7. John Stacy
_____
8. Alva Stacy
_____
9. Hilda ????
_____
10. Benjy Stacy _____
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Martin Fugate (Bb)
Elizabeth Smith (Bb)
PUNNETT SQUARE TIME!!!
(work on probability)
Solution
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Mutations are a good thing !!!!!
Most of them are deadly and hurt or kill
individuals, BUT random chance allows
positive mutations to better survive, adapt,
reproduce, and allow a species to exist.
Example: 10% of white Europeans are
immuned to HIV. There was a mutation that
occurred with those that survived the Bubonic
Plague (Black Death) in 1330s
The Fugates
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It turns out they have a rare genetic disorder
called methemoglobinemia.
Methemoglobin is a blue form of the red
hemoglobin that carries oxygen.
The blood in many of the descendants of the
Fugates had accumulated so much blue
molecule, turning them blue.
The Fugates
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After research and
investigation by Dr.
Cawein, a
hematologist, he found
that by giving
methylene blue pills, it
turned blue people
pink.