Download Cellular respiration

Cellular
respiration
Summation by questions
What is the chemical formula
for cellular respiration?
 C6H12O6
+ 6O2  6H2O + 6CO2
What is the difference between
oxidation and reduction?
 Oxidation
is the loss of electrons and
reduction if the gain in electrons.
What is oxidized/reduced in
cellular respiration?
 Glucose
is oxidized and oxygen is
reduced.
Distinguish catabolic/anabolic
 Catabolic
refers to the part of the
metabolic pathway that releases energycellular respiration.
 Anabolic refers to the part of the
metabolic pathway that consumes
energy.
What are the products of
glycolysis?
 ATP,
NADH, water, and pyruvate
What is pyruvate oxidized into
and by what?
 Acetyl
CoA by coenzyme A
What are the products of the
citric acid cycle?
 ATP,
NADH, FADH2, and CO2
What is the electron transport
chain?
A
series of protein complexes that transfer
electrons from NADH and FADH2.
What does the electron
transport chain do?
 Transfers
electrons to oxygen and transfers
H+ to the intermembrane space.
What is chemiosmosis?
 Energy
stored in a H+ concentration
gradient across the mitochondrial inner
membrane is used to synthesize ATP.
How much ATP is made in
cellular respiration?
 Depends
on the source – the newest
thinking is 32 ATP produced per glucose.
 This releases 686 kcal of energy.
Is glucose the only molecule
used in catabolic pathways?
 Our
diets consist of fats and proteins as
well as carbohydrates.
 All are used to generate ATP in cellular
respiration.
 Which food source produces the most
ATP?
What can organisms do with
products of metabolism?
 ATP
allows the cell to do work.
 Example - anabolic processes such as
biosynthesis.
How is cellular respiration
regulated?
 The
cell controls metabolism thru
feedback inhibition.
 Negative feedback – the end product of
an anabolic pathway is controlled by the
end product, which inhibit the earlier
stages of the pathway.
What is phosphofructokinase?
 An
allosteric enzyme that regulates
cellular respiration.
 ATP and citrate (from the citric acid
cycle) are inhibitors.
 This is a specific example of negative
feedback
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest
Chemical Energy
Cellular
respiration
generates
has three stages
oxidizes
uses
ATP
glucose and
organic fuels
produce (a)
some
energy for
produces
many
C6H12O6
(b)
(d)
to pull
to
electrons down
(c)
cellular work
by process called
chemiosmosis
uses
uses
H+ diffuse
through
ATP synthase
(f)
(e)
pumps H+ to create
H+ gradient
You should now be able to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Explain how photosynthesis and cellular
respiration are necessary to provide energy that is
required to sustain your life
Explain why breathing is necessary to support
cellular respiration
Describe how cellular respiration produces energy
that can be stored in ATP
Explain why ATP is required for human activities
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
You should now be able to
5.
6.
7.
8.
Describe the process of energy production from
movement of electrons
List and describe the three main stages of cellular
respiration
Describe the reactants and products of glycolysis
Explain how pyruvate is altered to enter the citric
acid cycle and the role of coenzyme A in the
process
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
You should now be able to
9.
10.
11.
12.
Describe the citric acid cycle as a metabolic
pathway designed for generating additional
energy from glucose
Discuss the importance of oxidative
phosphorylation in producing ATP
Review the steps in oxidation of a glucose
molecule aerobically
Distinguish between substrate level
phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
You should now be able to
13.
14.
15.
16.
Compare respiration and fermentation
Provide evidence that glycolysis evolved early in
the history of life on Earth
Describe the different molecules that can be
used in cellular respiration
Discuss what cells do with the ATP made from
cellular respiration
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.