Download Chapter 15

ACTIVE LECTURES
Using Classroom Response Systems
Chapter 15: How Organisms
Evolve
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a
bacterium that causes staph infections in hospitals.
How do bacteria gain resistance to an antibiotic?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Treatment with an antibiotic causes the bacteria to mutate to
adapt to the antibiotic.
The antibiotic stimulates the growth of bacterial cells.
Some of the bacteria already have a mutation that confers
resistance to the antibiotic, allowing them to survive and pass
on the advantageous gene to their offspring.
The hospital environment causes the bacteria to mutate.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a
bacterium that causes staph infections in hospitals.
How do bacteria gain resistance to an antibiotic?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Treatment with an antibiotic causes the bacteria to mutate to
adapt to the antibiotic.
The antibiotic stimulates the growth of bacterial cells.
Some of the bacteria already have a mutation that confers
resistance to the antibiotic, allowing them to survive and pass
on the advantageous gene to their offspring.
The hospital environment causes the bacteria to mutate.
What is a population?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A species and its interaction with its environment
The biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem
An individual organism and its niche
A group of interbreeding individuals that live in the
same place at the same time and have the capacity
to produce fertile offspring
What is a population?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A species and its interaction with its environment
The biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem
An individual organism and its niche
A group of interbreeding individuals that live in the
same place at the same time and have the capacity
to produce fertile offspring
Order the following from largest to smallest in size:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Gene, chromosome, nucleotide, DNA
Nucleotide, DNA, gene, chromosome
Chromosome, gene, DNA, nucleotide
DNA, chromosome, nucleotide, gene
Gene, nucleotide, DNA, chromosome
Order the following from largest to smallest in size:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Gene, chromosome, nucleotide, DNA
Nucleotide, DNA, gene, chromosome
Chromosome, gene, DNA, nucleotide
DNA, chromosome, nucleotide, gene
Gene, nucleotide, gene, chromosome
How might different versions of the same gene
(alleles) be expressed at the level of the organism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
As identical genotypes
As different phenotypes
As identical traits
As chromatin or a chromosome
How might different versions of the same gene
(alleles) be expressed at the level of the organism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
As identical genotypes
As different phenotypes
As identical traits
As chromatin or a chromosome
Evolutionary change occurs in association with all
of the following except:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mutations.
Gene flow.
Small population size.
Random mating.
Natural selection.
Evolutionary change occurs in association with all
of the following except:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mutations.
Gene flow.
Small population size.
Random mating.
Natural selection.
Why are mutations significant to populations?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mutations produce genetic variation in a population. If the
environment changes, part of the population will likely
survive.
Mutations prevent genetic variation in a population. If the
environment changes, part of the population will likely
survive.
Mutations select for the most beneficial trait. If the
environment changes, part of the population will survive.
Mutations weed out the weakest individuals in a population.
Why are mutations significant to populations?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mutations produce genetic variation in a population. If the
environment changes, part of the population will likely
survive.
Mutations prevent genetic variation in a population. If the
environment changes, part of the population will likely
survive.
Mutations select for the most beneficial trait. If the
environment changes, part of the population will survive.
Mutations weed out the weakest individuals in a population.
Two populations of gorillas, one living in the
mountains and one living in the valley, no longer
mate or exchange alleles in their gene pools. What
can happen?
1.
2.
3.
4.
With no gene flow, the two populations will remain identical to
each other.
With no gene flow, the two populations may become so
different that they become different species.
With no gene flow, each population will have an increased
number of mutations.
With no gene flow, the two populations will express their
alleles or show their traits differently.
Two populations of gorillas, one living in the
mountains and one living in the valley, no longer
mate or exchange alleles in their gene pools. What
can happen?
1.
2.
3.
4.
With no gene flow, the two populations will remain identical to
each other.
With no gene flow, the two populations may become so
different that they become different species.
With no gene flow, each population will have an increased
number of mutations.
With no gene flow, the two populations will express their
alleles or show their traits differently.
Why does genetic drift affect a small population
more than it affects a large population?
1. A small population will be left with more allele
variations.
2. A chance event is more likely to eliminate an allele
from a small population, leaving it with reduced
allelic variation.
3. Genetic drift always kills off small populations.
4. A small population will experience gene flow.
Why does genetic drift affect a small population
more than it affects a large population?
1. A small population will be left with more allele
variations.
2. A chance event is more likely to eliminate an allele
from a small population, leaving it with reduced
allelic variation.
3. Genetic drift always kills off small populations.
4. A small population will experience gene flow.
Why do many purebred German shepherds, golden
retrievers, and Doberman pinschers have hip
dysplasia and related joint disorders?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Breeding is random.
Breeding is not random.
They are from a small population.
They are from a large population.
They exhibit gene flow in a population.
Why do many purebred German shepherds, golden
retrievers, and Doberman pinschers have hip
dysplasia and related joint disorders?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Breeding is random.
Breeding is not random.
They are from a small population.
They are from a large population.
They exhibit gene flow in a population.
Why is natural selection also called “survival of the
fittest”?
1. The strongest organisms will always survive.
2. Those organisms with the most advantageous traits
must mate.
3. Individuals with advantageous traits survive to pass
the traits on to their offspring.
4. There is an origin of the species.
Why is natural selection also called “survival of the
fittest”?
1. The strongest organisms will always survive.
2. Those organisms with the most advantageous traits
must mate.
3. Individuals with advantageous traits survive to pass
the traits on to their offspring.
4. There is an origin of the species.
Newts of the genus Taricha are poisonous, deterring
their predators from eating them. The common
garter snake, a predator, has evolved a resistance to
the newt toxins. This situation is an example of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Competition
Natural selection
Artificial selection
Sexual selection
Coevolution
Newts of the genus Taricha are poisonous, deterring
their predators from eating them. The common
garter snake, a predator, has evolved a resistance to
the newt toxins. This situation is an example of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Competition
Natural selection
Artificial selection
Sexual selection
Coevolution
A farmer uses insecticide but still gets crop damage.
Many of the targeted insects developed insecticide
resistance. What mode of natural selection has
occurred?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Artificial selection
Coevolution
A farmer uses insecticide but still gets crop damage.
Many of the targeted insects developed insecticide
resistance. What mode of natural selection has
occurred?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Artificial selection
Coevolution
Question 15-13
In an island population of birds, the large birds eat
the only seeds available, which are large, and the
small birds feed on flower nectar. The medium-sized
birds have a hard time eating both the seeds and the
nectar. What mode of natural selection has
occurred?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Artificial selection
Coevolution
In an island population of birds, the large birds eat
the only seeds available, which are large, and the
small birds feed on flower nectar. The medium-sized
birds have a hard time eating both the seeds and the
nectar. What mode of natural selection has
occurred?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Artificial selection
Coevolution