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Transcript
Turn Get 1” in test corrections to the tray out a piece of paper and title it “Quiz • Make sure to put your name on it!! You need your textbook today Have notebooks ready for a notebook check True or False: A theory is a scientific explanation for a set of observations that you must test to support or reject it. Starches, cellulose, and examples of: A. Monosaccharides B. Polypeptides C. Polysaccharides D. Monopeptides sucrose are all Nucleic A. B. C. D. E. Acids consist of what elements? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus A and B A, B and C Which macromolecule can serve as the raw material to help produce vitamins, hormones, and cholesterol? A. B. C. D. Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Which A. B. C. D. E. is not a type of protein? Contractile Hormone Enzymatic Steroid Transport Insulin is a hormone, which means it is a A. Carbohydrate B. Lipid C. Protein D. Nucleic Acid What is the correct term for Thymine and Guanine? A. B. C. D. E. Complementary bases Nitrogenous bases Base pair A and C All of the above What is the correct term for Adenine and Uracil? A. Complementary bases B. Nitrogenous bases C. Base pair D. A and C E. All of the above What transfers the genetic code needed for the creation of PROTEINS? A. DNA B. CNA C. RNA D. BNA What is the reaction called that brings monomers together? A. B. C. D. E. Hydrolysis Dehydration Synthesis Condensation Reaction A and B B and C How do enzymes control chemical reactions in the body? A. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. B. Enzymes slow down chemical reactions. C. Enzymes increase the activation energy of a reaction. D. Enzymes inhibit the catalysts of a reaction. Amino acid is to protein as A. fat is to lipid. B. DNA is to RNA. C. sugar is to fat. D. simple sugar is to starch. Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate? A. Monosaccharides B. Starches C. Lipids D. Glucose A scientist planned an investigation related to cell membranes. Which background information would be most important to have while planning this investigation? A. The structure of lipid molecules How carbohydrates are broken down C. Key differences between RNA and DNA structure D. Differences between monosaccharides and polysaccharides B. Which of these is a function of lipids in the body? A. They provide quick bursts of energy. B. They are good for long term energy storage. C. They build muscle and bone tissues. D. They carry the code for all of an organism's traits. Organic chemistry is the study of _______________________ (element) compounds. Numbers 2 and 4 Cells are the basic units of life. All living things are made up of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things New cells cells are produced from existing Eukaryotic cells have specialized substructures, called organelles, carry out the essential functions of life. • “little organs” Chart, flashcards, or notes your choice! Animals and Plants The cytoplasm is the semi-fluid material that contains the organelles The cell membrane is the thin flexible barrier surrounding a cell • Lipid bilayer • Regulates what enters and leaves the cell Selectively permeable membrane • Protects and supports the cell The nucleus contains the chromosomes which are composed of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, a chemical compound that stores and transmits genetic information) and functions as the genetic control center of the cell A chromosome is a structure in the nucleus of a cell consisting essentially of one long thread of DNA that is tightly coiled. The cytoskeleton is a network of fibrous proteins that helps the cell with maintaining shape, support, and movement. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex, extensive network that transports materials throughout the inside of a cell. • Rough ER has ribosomes attached to the surface. • Smooth ER has no ribosomes Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis; some are located on the ER, others are found in the cytoplasm. The Golgi complex/ apparatus modifies, collects, packages, and distributes proteins and other materials to be used within or outside the cell. Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the cell. Vacuoles store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Vesicles are smaller structures that store and move materials between cell organelles, as well as to and from the cell surface. Mitochondria supply the energy for the cell • Converts chemical energy stored in food into usable energy for the cell Group deliverables: on poster paper • Create a chart that matches the part of a factory to an organelle (this is an analogy!) Use the handout BEFORE you draw on your poster • Labeled and colored cell drawing from handout • Flowchart (question 9) See Figure 7.11 on Pages 200-201 of your textbook Individual deliverables: on handout • Questions 1-18 • Each person must submit Cellular processes are carried out by molecules. Proteins carry out most of the work of cells to perform the essential functions of life. One of the major functions of the cell is the production of proteins. The genetic information in DNA provides instructions for assembling protein molecules. In eukaryotic cells the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, and the Golgi apparatus interact to produce, modify and transport proteins. Chloroplasts Cell wall Central Vacuole