Download FEATURE: A structure, characteristic, or behavior of an organism

FEATURE: A structure, characteristic, or behavior of an
organism, such as eye color, fur pattern, or timing of
migration.
FEATURE: A structure, characteristic, or behavior of an
organism, such as eye color, fur pattern, or timing of
migration.
11) ALLELES: variations of genes that determine traits; the
two alleles on paired chromosomes constitute a gene.
12) GENOTYPE: the genetic makeup of an organism with reference to a single
trait, set of traits, or the entire complex of traits.
13) PHENOTYPE: the set of observable characteristics of an
individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the
environment.
Is this the correct phenotype for the genotype shown?
14 DOMINANT ALLELES: A form of a gene that is expressed
as the trait when a dominant allele is present.
The two alleles on the paired
chromosomes work together.
Together they constitute a gene.
Summary
•  Nuclei contain chromosomes.
•  Chromosomes come in
almost identical pairs.
•  Chromosomes have specific
active locations called alleles.
•  The two alleles in identical
locations on paired
chromosomes constitute a
gene
A gene (two alleles working
together) controls a trait.
This gene could be the one that
determines the larkey’s eye
color, or perhaps the pattern of
its fur. Let’s say it determines
eye color.
The gene location for
appendages (legs) is these
two alleles on this pair of
chromosomes. The alleles
are labeled with the letter A
for appendages.
Capitol letters designate a
DOMINANT allele
Lower case letters
designate a RECESSIVE
allele
The combination of
alleles in an organism's
chromosomes is the
organism’s genotype.
The genotype lists the
paired alleles that are
particular to that
organism.
Let’s look at the
genotype of our larkey to
see what is dominant
and what is recessive.
•  Two recessive alleles
for leg length (aa)
•  One dominant and one
recessive allele for eye
color (Ee)
•  Two dominant alleles
for fur pattern (FF)
•  Two recessive alleles
for tail shape (tt).
The parents of a Larkey both have red eyes. Is it possible for
them to produce an offspring with grey eyes? In your
notebook use a Punnet Square to prove or disprove this grey
eye question. (The alleles for eyes are E or e.)
The parents of a Larkey both have red eyes. Is it possible for
them to produce an offspring with grey eyes? In your
notebook (under NB3) use a Punnet Square to prove or
disprove this grey eye question. (The alleles for eyes are E
or e.)
Female Ee
E
Male Ee
e
E
E E
E
e
E e
e e
e
WORD BANK (top)
chromosomes (2x)
dominant, DNA, genes,
genotype, nucleus, paired
alleles, phenotype,
recessive;
WORD BANK (bottom)
allele, chromosome,
gene, nucleus.
Top (in order)
nucleus, DNA,
chromosomes,
Chromosomes, genes,
paired alleles, genotype,
phenotype, dominant,
recessive.
Bottom (in order)
chromosome, gene,
nucleus, allele
Mendel studied pea plant traits
such as: flower color, seed color,
and tall versus short
F1 generation were ALL TALL
but not all F2’s were tall!
Draw this Punnett
square
Tt
Tt
Tt
Tt
Draw this Punnett
square
This generation
produces plants at a
rate of 3 tall for every 1
short.
2
3
1
1) By conducting careful
__ over many years,
Mendel made landmark
discoveries in__ and
established a new
science: __.
2) List three significant
variations observed by
Mendel regarding the
common garden pea
Pisum sativum.
3) How did Mendel obtain
pure breeding strains of
plants for a trait such as
plant height?
1) Experiments heredity,
genetics.
2) Color of seeds, color of
flowers, height of plants.
3) Mendel obtained pure
breeding strains for traits
such as plant height by
using self pollination over
several generations.
We will be doing an activity on breeding dogs on Friday.
If you have a dog and would like to share a picture, send me an image:
[email protected]
Scruffy
AA
Aa
Aa
aa
F1
F1
Aa
F1
Aa
F2
F2
aa
F3
AA
Aa
F2
aa
F3
AA
F3
AA
Aa
Aa
aa
F1
F1
Aa
F1
Aa
F2
F2
aa
F3
AA
Aa
F2
aa
F3
AA
F3
AA
Aa
Aa
aa
F1
F1
Aa
F1
Aa
F2
F2
aa
F3
AA
Aa
F2
aa
F3
AA
F3
AA
Aa
Aa
aa
F1
F1
Aa
F1
Aa
F2
F2
aa
F3
AA
Aa
F2
aa
F3
AA
F3
1 What do you know about dogs?
2. In your groups make a list of at least 10
different types of dogs
3. How do we get different types of dogs?
Describe some features
or abilities of dogs for
which humans might
breed.
"You have been contacted by several farmers that want dogs that would be
useful for controlling small rodents such as mice that tend to eat their stored
crops in their granaries. These rodents often hide among the stacks of grain,
invisible to those trying to find them. The granaries are often kept at very warm
temperatures."
Use blank paper to draw one of the resulting
puppies (draw how it would look as an adult)
When finished: Are the puppies identical?
Group drawings according to parents.
Variation will depend on which parents were
chosen and traits randomly that were selected.