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Kingdoms and Domains The KINGDOMS In the 18th century, all living things were sorted into 2 kingdoms: Plant and Animal Further study revealed that 2 kingdoms just wasn't enough! There are now 6 kingdoms that are widely accepted. Kingdoms and Domains Kingdoms and Domains Approaches to Classification: Kingdoms and Domains What once was, is no MONERA...... All bacteria once belonged to the kingdom Monera, but now we have two kingdoms of bacteria: Kingdom Archaebacteria Ancient bacteria that thrive in harsh conditions such as high salinity, high temperature, low pH or low O Thought to be one of the first life forms on Earth (Archae=Archaic) Are all prokaryotes 2 Prokaryotes: unicellular organisms with no nuclear membrane or membranebound organelles Kingdoms and Domains Kingdom Eubacteria Species of these bacteria have been found everywhere in the world Only about 0.1% of the species in this kingdom have been discovered All are prokaryotes Kingdoms and Domains Kingdom Protista Most are unicellular, all eukaryotes Eukaryotes: organisms with nuclear membranes (a "true" nucleus) and membranebound organelles May be plantlike (have chloroplasts) or animallike (heterotrophs) Kingdoms and Domains Kingdom Fungi I'm a "FUN GUY"! All are eukaryotes Similar to plants, but have a material called chitin in their cell walls instead of cellulose, and cannot carry out photosynthesis Kingdoms and Domains Kingdom Plantae Multicellular organisms Cell walls contain cellulose Are autotrophic (carry out photosynthesis) Kingdom Animalia All multicellular and heterotrophic Cells do not have walls Often organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems Kingdoms and Domains The 3 Domains • The broadest taxon of classification that is widely accepted is called a domain. • The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. Kingdoms and Domains Bacteria and Archaea • Are all microscopic, unicellular organisms. • Cells are simple with no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. • Both domains contain the prokaryotes. Kingdoms and Domains Eukarya • The organisms in this group may be unicellular or multicellular. • The cells all have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria. • This group contains the eukaryotes.