* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cellular Respiration
Magnesium in biology wikipedia , lookup
Lactate dehydrogenase wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Butyric acid wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Phosphorylation wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrion wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Electron transport chain wikipedia , lookup
Light-dependent reactions wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Citric acid cycle wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Cellular Respiration Objective 18: Analyze photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of how energy is stored, released, and transferred within and between these systems Cellular Respiration • Occurs within ALL living cells • Chemical bonds are broken in glucose releasing energy (ATP) to be used by cells. • Aerobic Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy oxygen needed Yields 36 ATP Starts in cytoplasm and ends in mitochondria Photosynthesis to Cell Resp. The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration! Mitochondria Types of Cellular Respiration • Aerobic “With oxygen” Uses oxygen to produce ATP Produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration • Anaerobic “Without oxygen” Produces ATP in the absence of oxygen Not as efficient as aerobic respiration Alcoholic fermentation yeast converts glucose into CO2 and ethanol Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells when oxygen is not available and produced CO2 and lactic acid Aerobic Respiration Flowchart Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) + ATP Aerobic Respiration Step 1: Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm Glucose (C6H12O6) is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid Yields 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH (another energy molecule) Aerobic Respiration Step 2: Krebs Cycle Occurs in matrix of the mitochondria; pyruvic acid is converted to CO 2 2 NADH (energy molecules), 2ATP, and 2 FADH2 (energy molecules) are also formed Aerobic Respiration • Step 3: Electron Transport Phosphorylation: • Occurs in mitochondria; uses the high energy electrons captured in the Krebs Cycle (in NADH and FADH2) to form ATP and water. Every time 2 high-energy electrons go down the electron transport chain, their energy is used to transport H+ ions across the inner membrane of a mitochondrian Step 3: Electron Transport Phosphorylation: (continued) H+ ions build up in the inner membrane space setting up a concentration and an electrical gradient. As H+ ions rush back through the membrane, enough energy is created to cause ADP to combine with P to form ATP This step produces 32 ATP for a net yield of 36 Water is also produced as a product Aerobic Respiration Flowchart Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) + ATP Aerobic Respiration Summary Anaerobic Respiration Occurs in the absence of oxygen Yields only 2 ATP Happens in cytoplasm The first step is glycolysis. The pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactic acid. Alcoholic Fermentation • Occurs in yeast • Step 1: Glycolysis Glucose is converted to pyruvate Net 2 ATP • Step 2: Ethanol Formation Pyruvate is converted to ethanol Lactic Acid Fermentation • Occurs in bacteria and animals • C6H12O6 2 Step 1: Glycolysis Glucose is converted to pyruvate Net 2 ATP • glycolysis Step 2: Lactate formation Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid ATP energy input 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 4 NADH ATP energy output 2 pyruvate 2 ATP net lactate formation electrons, hydrogen from NADH 2 lactate