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Transcript
Gene Mapping Morgan & the Fruit Fly • Morgan’s studies of the fruit fly and mutant gene for white eye proved Sutton’s ideas of chromosomal inheritance true –Also gave rise to interesting idea of linkage A B a b a B A B a b Tetrad A b Crossing over Gametes Figure 9.19A, B Linkage Groups • Genes located on different chromosomes segregate independently & form new combinations (recombinants) • Genes on same chromosome may be inherited together – “linked” – patterns remain similar to parental types – ***The further apart genes are, the more they act like they are on separate chromosomes*** crossover data & gene mapping • Crossing over is more likely to occur between genes that are farther apart – Recombination allows for a new mix of traits Chromosome g c l 17% 9% 9.5% Figure 9.20B Genetic Maps • Frequency of crossing over (exchange of chromosomes) can be used to “map” the position of genes –Recombination map • One map unit (centimorgan) is the frequency of crossing over (1 in 100 gametes) or Recombination • A partial genetic map of a fruit fly chromosome Mutant phenotypes Short aristae Black body (g) Long aristae (appendages on head) Gray body (G) Cinnabar eyes (c) Red eyes (C) Vestigial wings (l) Brown eyes Normal wings (L) Red eyes Wild-type phenotypes Figure 9.20C Human Genome Project • Purpose was to map all 30,000 genes on our 23 pairs of chromosomes • Project basically completed in 2002 • Why would this be valuable??
