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Chapter 23
lesson 1
Understanding Communicable
Diseases
page 628-632
and lesson 2
Common Communicable Diseases.
Pages 633-637
What is another word for germs?
Pathogen
What does communicable mean?
A disease that is spread from one
living organism to another or
through the environment. Other
names are contagious and
infectious
How are Viruses different from
Bacteria?
• A piece of genetic material surrounded by a
protein coat
• Must have a host
• Antibiotics do not work against viruses
• Immune system has to destroy a virus
• Viruses take over other body cells by making
clones of them self.
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Common cold
Influenza (flu)
Viral pneumonia
Viral hepatitis
Polio
Mononucleosis
Measles
AIDS
Viral meningitis
Chicken pox
Herpes
Rabies
West Nile Virus
Bacteria
• Single celled microorganisms that live almost
everywhere
• Some are helpful, most are harmless
• Disease causing bacteria produce toxins.
Substances that kill cells or interfere with
their function
• Can be treated with antibiotics
• Food illnesses, strep throat, tuberculosis,
diptheria, gonorrhea, lyme disease, bacterial
pinkeye, bacterial pneumonia, bacterial
meningitis
Fungus
• Athletes food
• Ring worm
• Vaginal yeast infections
• Plant like organisms than can cause diseases
of lungs, mucous membranes, and the skin
Protozoa
• Single celled microorganisms that are larger
and more complex than bacteria.
• Malaria
• Sleeping Sickness
Rickettsias
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Resemble bacteria
Often enter body through insect bites
Typhus
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Vectors
• Organisms that carry and transmit pathogens
to humans or other animals
• Common vectors include: flies, mosquitos,
spiders, ticks
Direct Contact
• Touching, kissing, sexual
contact, biting
• Puncture wounds
• Childbirth
• Contact with infected animals
Indirect Contact
• Touching objects that have germs on
them, such as a door knob, then you
eat chips or rub your eyes
• Vectors
• Contaminated food or water
Airborne Transmission
• Sneezes
• Coughs
• Breathing in a closed room
Chapter 23 Lesson 2
Common Communicable Diseases
pages 633-637
Respiratory tract
passageway that makes breathing
possible
nose, throat, lungs
common infections:
colds, flu, tuberculosis, strep
throat, pneumonia
5 ways to avoid respiratory infections
• Avoid close contact with sick
people.
• Stay home if sick
• Wash hands often
• Avoid touching mouth, eyes,nose
• Eat right, exercise regularly
• Do not smoke
Jaundice
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes
Cirrhosis
• Scarring of the liver
Single and Double Pneumonia
• Single = 1 lung
• Double = both lungs
Pneumonia
• Flu sometimes leads to pneumonia
• Infection of the lungs in which air
sacs fill with pus and other fluids
• Can be caused by bacteria or virus
• Can be fatal- especially for older
people and people with lung or
heart problems
Common Cold
• Viral infection that causes inflamation
of the mucous membrane, the lining of
nose, ears, mouth
• No cure cause caused by virus
• Allergies have some of same symptoms,
but allergies come and go and there is
no fever with an allergy
Influenza Flu
• Viral infection of respiratory tract
• High fever, fatigue, headache,
muscle ache,coughing
• Drink a lot of liquids, plenty of rest,
good nutrition, once a year vaccine
to prevent it
Strep Throat
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Bacterial infection
Can be treated with antibiotics
Airborn or direct contact transmission
Left untreated can lead to serious
damage to heart
• Symptoms = sore throat, swollen
lymph glands in the neck, fever
Tuberculosis--TB
• Disease that attacks the lungs
• Spreads through the air
• Symptoms = fatigue, coughing, fever,
weight loss, night sweats
• Treated with antibiotics
Hepatitis A,B,C
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Attacks the liver
Causes jaundice and cirrhosis
Vaccines for A and B
No cure as it is caused by virus
A
• Enters though digestive system.
• Good hand washing and clean
food and water prevents
B
• Spread through sexual contact or
with an infected person’s blood
• To avoid do not share
toothbrushes, razors
• Avoid body piercings, tattoos
and illegal drugs
C
• Most common blood born
infection in United States
• Infected by contaminated blood
and sexual contact, dirty needles
• No vaccine or cure
Mononucleosis
• Virus-direct contact, kissing, sharing
a drinking glass, eye make up eating
utensils
• Symptoms = chills, fever, sore
throat, fatique, swollen lymph
nodes
• Treatment- rest
Measles
• Virus- spread by coughs sneezes, talking
• Symptoms = high fever, red eyes, runny nose, red
bumpy rash, cough
• No treatment. Vaccine for prevention
Encephalitis
• Virus – carried by mosquitoes
• Symptoms = headache, fever,
hallucinations, confusion, paralysis,
disturbances of speech, memory,
behavior and eye movement
• Treatment – anti viral medicine if
caused by virus, no known treatment
Meningitis
• Viral, or bacterial caused
• Fever, severe headache, nausea,
vomiting, sensitivity to light, stiff
neck
• Treatments=viral meningitis (anitviral meds) bacterial meningitisantibiotics. Vaccine available
Chicken Pox
• Virus-spread through air or contact
with fluids from blisters
• Symptoms=rash, itching,
fever,fatigue
• Treatment- rest stay home so others
are not infected, vaccine available