Download Ch. 14 Notes - 7th - Lee County Schools

7th Chapter 14 Notes – Infectious Diseases
Lesson One
Infectious Disease
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Is an illness that is caused by microorganisms
Microorganisms – very small things that are
found everywhere
Contagious Diseases
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Spread directly or indirectly from one person
to another
How Diseases Spread
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Touching, Coughing or Sneezing, Sharing,
Sexual Contact
Bacteria
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Very simple single-celled microorganisms that
are found everywhere. Reproduce very
quickly.
Strep Throat
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Caused by a type of bacterium called
streptococcus. Pain when you swallow, fever.
Throat Culture
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A test in which a doctor uses a cotton swab to
wipe the back of the throat
Rheumatic Fever
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Caused when strep throat infections are not
treated properly. Can affect your heart valves
and large joints.
Sinuses
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Spaces located within the front of the skull
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Many have small tubes that drain fluid down
into the nose or throat, if tube gets blocked,
the sinuses become clogged and become
inflamed.
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Inflammation of a sinus
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Usually not contagious. Symptoms of
Sinusitis: congestion, runny nose, fever,
headache.
Lesson Two
Sinusitis
Tuberculosis
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Serious disease caused by a slow-growing
bacterium
Symptoms of TB
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Very tired, have a fever, night sweats, cough.
Carriers
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Few or no symptoms. Can pass to disease to
others.
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Kills about 3 million people worldwide a year.
All cases must be reported to the health
department.
Avoiding Bacterial Infections
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Limit contact with people who have bacterial
infection, avoid sharing food or drink with
others, wash hands frequently, take warm
showers, eat properly and get enough sleep.
Antibiotics
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A drug that can kill bacteria or slow the
growth of bacteria.
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Penicillin - first antibiotic, discovered by
accident 1928. Alexander Fleming – bacteria
in a Petri Dish were dying where mold was
growing.
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1940s – became available to many people
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One of the smallest and simplest diseasecausing agents. They are EVERWHERE.
Responsible for many diseases, some deadly.
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Not considered to be living things. Cannot
reproduce on its own. Must reproduce by
invading a living thing
Genetic Material
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Chemical information that is passed on during
reproduction
How Viruses Can be Passed
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Touching living or nonliving objects, coughing,
sneezing, insect bites, blood, sexual contact.
Lesson Three
Virus
Common Cold
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Most common viral infection. Caused by
many different kinds of viruses.
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On average, person gets about 2 colds a year.
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Spread by coughing, sneezing, touching.
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Congestion, runny nose, sore throat,
sneezing, and coughing.
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Medicines available. Drink lots of fluids and
get rest.
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“Flu” – viral infection that is very common in
winter months.
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Spread by coughing, sneezing, touching.
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Body aches, headaches, high fever, chills,
congestion, cough, sore throat.
-
HIGH FEVER – main difference between cold
and flu
Vaccine
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Substance that helps the body build
resistance to a certain disease. Cannot
completely stop the spread of a virus.
Mononucleosis
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Mono or “kissing disease” is caused by a virus
called EBV.
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Common in older teens and young adults.
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Spread by coughing, sneezing, kissing or
sharing food and drink.
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Make you tired for weeks, bad sore throat,
fever, swollen spleen, swollen lymph nodes
(small oval structures located throughout
body that help remove harmful substances
from fluids surrounding cells).
Symptoms of Cold
Influenza
Symptoms
Ways to Prevent Viral Infections
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Best ways to prevent viral diseases are
vaccines.
Students are legally required to get vaccines
before they are allowed to go to school
Lesson Four
Sexually Transmitted Disease
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Any disease that can be passed from person
to person by any form of sexual contact.
Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
1 in 4 newly infected people is a teenager
Millions of new cases each year
-
Symptoms vary. Brain damage, paralysis, and
death.
Infertility
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Inability to produce children
Sexual Abstinence
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Refusal to take part in sexual activity
Common STDs
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TABLE 2 – pg. 311 look at and discuss.
AIDS
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome –
deadly disease. Caused by HIV, an infectious
virus.
HIV
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Virus that attacks the immune system, which
is the group of cells and tissues that defends
your body against disease.
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Slowly destroys the person’s ability to fight
disease
Symptoms of AIDS
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Fever, weight loss, sores covering body.
Gradually becomes more ill and eventually
dies.
How HIV is Spread
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Sexual Contact, Mother to Child, Drug Use,
Blood Transfusion
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First reported in 1981, since spread
worldwide.
Lesson Five
Preventing Spread of Infectious
Disease
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Keep Clean – practice good hygiene, avoid
infection, protect others – cover mouth when
you sneeze or cough