Download Chapter 21, Lesson 3 – Common Infectious Diseases

COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES
CHAPTER 21, LESSON 3
PRUITT, ALLEGRANTE, PROTHROW-STITH, HEALTH,
PEARSON, 2014
WRITE: WERE ANY OF THE LEADING CAUSES
OF DEATH IN 2000 INFECTIOUS DISEASES?
EXPLAIN WHY YOU THINK THIS IS THE CASE.
BACTERIAL DISEASES
• Of thousands of infectious diseases and over
40 commonly occurring in the U.S., 4 caused
by bacteria
STREP THROAT
• Common among teens
• Usually found in nose and throat
• Spread by contact with mucus
• Symptoms: sore throat, swollen lymph nodes
on sides of neck, headache, fever
• Doctor can diagnose with throat culture
LYME DISEASE
• Bitten by infected tick
• Symptoms: red rash at site of bite, fever,
chills, body aches
• Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants,
tuck pants into socks
BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
• Infection of fluid in spinal cord and fluid
surrounding brain
• Symptoms: high fever, headache, vomiting,
stiff neck – SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION
IMMEDIATELY
• Two types – one bacterial; other viral
• Bacterial – more serious
• Early treatment can prevent serious illness
and death
TUBERCULOSIS
• Highly contagious – in the lungs
• Transmitted through droplets in cough or
sneeze inhaled by another person
• Symptoms: fatigue, weight loss, mild fever,
constant cough
• 1/3 of world’s population infected
• 2 million dies each year
TREATING BACTERIAL DISEASES
• Antibiotic – drug to inhibit or kill bacteria
• Use as prescribed and complete dose
VIRAL DISEASES
COMMON COLD
• Group of symptoms caused by different
viruses – sneezing, sore throat, runny nose,
coughing, chest congestion, fever,
headache, muscle ache
• Last 3 – 7 days
• Spread when touch contaminated object or
inhale droplets of sneeze or cough
• NO CURE!
INFLUENZA
• Common upper respiratory viral infection
• Spread by airborne droplets and contact
with contaminated objects
• Typical symptoms: high fever, sore throat,
headache, cough
• More serious for infants, elderly, and people
with heart and lung diseases
• Between 3,000 and 49,000 die each year in
the U.S. because of influenza
• Some types can be prevented by
immunization
PNEUMONIA
• In elderly, heart disease, breathing problem
people, flu may develop into pneumonia
• Serious infection of the lungs
• Many die each year – caused by viruses,
bacteria, or fungi
HEPATITIS
• Group of viruses infecting the liver
• Important to many body functions
• Symptoms: fever, nausea, pain in abdomen,
jaundice
• SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION
HEPATITIS A
• Transmitted in human wastes and in
contaminated water and food
• Begins 4 weeks after exposure
• Recovery takes several weeks
• Vaccine can prevent disease
HEPATITIS B
• More severe than A
• Transmitted in blood or during sexual
contact; during tattooing and body
piercing
• Over 1 million carry
• There is a vaccine
HEPATITIS C
• More serious than A
• Transmitted by blood, during sexual contact,
during tattooing or body piercing
• Number one reason for liver transplants in
the U.S.
• About 3 million carry
TREATING VIRAL DISEASES
• No particular medicine that can cure a virus
• Bed rest, well-balanced diet, plenty of fluids
• Over-the-counter medicines can treat
symptoms – may make you feel better, BUT
do NOT cure infection
PREVENTING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• Avoid contact with pathogens
• Immunizations current
• Choose healthful behaviors
• Wash hands several times a day – before
eating and after using restroom
• Don’t share towels, eating utensils, cups, or
hairbrushes
• Cook and store food properly
• Avoid close contact with those who are ill
• Sneeze into your sleeve or elbow
• Manage stress in healthful ways – 8 hours of
sleep
• Eat well-balanced meals – don’t skip meals
• Exercise regularly – 3 or more times a week
• Avoid unhealthful substances – tobacco,
alcohol, illegal drugs