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Common Communicable Diseases Respiratory Infections O Most common O Caused by virus or bacteria O Avoid contact with people who are infected O Wash hands O Keep hands away from eyes and nose O Avoid smoking Common Cold O Viral O Inflammation of mucous membranes in nose and throat O Symptoms O Runny nose O Sneezing O Sore throat O No cure O Only treatment for symptoms O Most colds clear up in a weak- “run its course” Influenza O Viral infection of respiratory tract O Symptoms O High fever O Fatigue O Headache O Muscle ache O Cough O An antiviral drug can be given for the flu only if given with onset of symptoms O Proper nutrition O Plenty of rest!! O Plenty of fluids O Flu vaccine annually O Flu can lead to pneumonia O An infection in the lungs in which the air sacs (alveoli) fills with pus and other liquids Pneumonia O One of the Top 10 causes of death in the US O Viral Pneumonia is short lived- similar to flu O Bacterial pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics if diagnosed early Strep Throat O Bacterial infection O Symptoms O Sore throat O Fever O Enlarged lymph nodes in neck O If untreated can lead to kidney infection and rheumatic fever (cause heart damage) O Antibiotics can treat it O Throat culture is taken to identify bacteria Tuberculosis (TB) O Bacterial disease in lungs O Spread through air O People with weakened immune system developed the disease when the bacteria is present other do not O Symptoms O Fatigue O Coughing (blood) O Fever O Night sweats O Weight loss O Treated with antibiotics but can be resistant to some Hepatitis O Inflammation of liver O Caused by chemical (drugs and alcohol) or many pathogens O Vaccines for Hep. A and B O Symptoms O Fever O Nausea O Vomiting O fatigue, O abdominal pain O Jaundice- a yellowing of the skin and eyes O Most recover 100% Hepatitis A O One of the top ten communicable diseases in the US O Most commonly spread through contact with infected person’s feces O If an infected person doesn’t not wash hand after using the restroom they can contaminate objects, food or people Hepatitis B (HBV) O More serious virus O Found in bodily floods O Most often transmitted through sexual contact O Also by sharing needles O Often causes severe liver damage O Liver failure, cancer, and cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) O Heb B responsible for 80% of liver cancer O Reduce risk by abstaining from sexual contact and illegal drug use, avoid sharing toothbrushes and razors O Contaminated tattoo and piercing needles can spread the disease O Vaccine is recommended Hepatitis C O Most common blood-borne infection in US O Most commonly spread by needles O Can lead to chronic lever disease, Liver cancer or Liver failure O 90% of people do not know they have this until routine test show liver damage O Avoid illegal drug use and sharing tooth brush and razor Mononucleosis O Viral infection O Spread through direct contact, “kissing disease” O Symptoms O Chills, fever, sore throat, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes O Treatment- rest Measles O Virus O Symptoms O High fever, red eyes, runny nose, cough, bumpy read rash on head or face O No cure but vaccine available Encephalitis O Virus carried by mosquitoes O Causes inflammation of brain O Symptoms- headache, fever, hallucinations, Confusion, paralysis, problems with speech, memory, behavior and eye movement O If caused by herpes simplex virus treated with antiviral medicine O If caused by other virus no treatment Meningitis O Virus or bacteria cause inflammation of the O O O O membrane that covers brain Symptoms- fever, sever headache, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, stiff neck Viral: antiviral medicine Bacterial: antibiotics Vaccine is available Emerging Infections O A communicable disease whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future O Transport across borders O Humans and animals car pathogens to new region where disease was not present before O Dengue fever, west Nile, carried by mosquitoes O Population movement O Increase in Lyme disease as people have moved into heavily wooded areas O Resistance to antibiotics O Over use of antibiotics resulted in pathogens becoming resistant O Changes in food technology O Mass production and distribution of food increases risk of spreading contaminated food O Agents of bioterrorism O Releasing pathogens O Could spread rapidly