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Review Questions for Cell Respiration Which term does not belong? How are all the other terms related? • • • • NAD+ CO2 Pyruvate Ethanol All the others are products of alcoholic fermentation. Pyruvate is the reactant for alcoholic fermentation. Which term does not belong? How are all the other terms related? • • • • Glucose 2 ATP 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate All the others are products of glycolysis. Glucose is the reactant for glycolysis. Which term does not belong? How are all the other terms related? • • • • NAD+ CO2 Pyruvate Coenzyme A group All the others are required for oxidation of pyruvate. CO2 is a product of oxidation of pyruvate. Which term does not belong? How are all the other terms related? • • • • • 6 NADH 2 FADH2 2 ATP 2 GTP 4 CO2 All the others are products of the Krebs Cycle. GTP is an intermediate in the cycle. Match the processes/sets of reactions with the descriptions. Each question can have more than one answer. Releases CO2 B, C, F Releases water D Requires glucose as a reactant B Pyruvate is a starting reactant B, F, G Pyruvate is a product A Oxygen is a reactant D NAD+ is required to go in A, B, C NADH is required to go in D, F, G Oxygen is reduced D NADH is oxidized to form NAD+ D, F, G Makes ATP from substrate-level A, C phosphorylation 12. Occurs when no oxygen is present A, F, G 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. A. Glycolysis B. Oxidation of Pyruvate C. Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle D. Electron Transport Chain E. Chemiosmosis F. Alcoholic Fermentation G. Lactic acid fermentation Match the processes/sets of reactions with the descriptions. Each question can have more than one answer. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Synthesis of 32 ATP per glucose using energy from proton gradient E Takes place in the cytoplasm A, F, G Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrionB, Takes place in the cristae of the mitochondrionD Uses cytochromes D Is used to raise bread F Is used to make cheese G NAD+ is reduced A, B, C FAD is reduced C Is analogous to passing a hot potato D Creates a hydrogen ion gradient in the mitochondrion D Occurs when oxygen is present A, B, C, D, Makes use of ATP synthase. E C E A. Glycolysis B. Oxidation of Pyruvate C. Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle D. Electron Transport Chain E. Chemiosmosis F. Alcoholic Fermentation G. Lactic acid fermentation What happens in A? • Glycolysis and fermentation • Anaerobic processes • Formation of 2 ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation • Formation of NADH A B C D (the line) What happens in B? • Hydrogen ions (protons) are pumped into this area by the electron transport chain. • pH of this area decreases. A B C D (the line) What happens in C? • Oxidation of pyruvate & Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle • NADH and FADH2 are produced • ATP produced by substrate-level phosphorylation (2 per glucose) • CO2 produced (4 per glucose) A B C D (the line) What happens in D? • Electron Transport Chain (oxidation-reduction reactions) • Water is produced. • Hydrogen ions are pumped out of the matrix to the intermembrane space • An electrochemical gradient is produced across D. • NADH and FADH2 are oxidized. A B C D (the line) All of these components make up ATP except… Phosphate group Adenine Thymine Ribose ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate and is made up of a phosphate group consisting of 3 phosphates, adenine, and ribose. Thymine has nothing to do with the structure of ATP but is sometimes confused with the T in ATP. When a phosphate is broken off and released, energy is released causing various interactions in a cell. Redox Reactions Define redox. Oxidation The loss of electrons Reduction The gain of electrons Circle the correct answer. 1. Pyruvate is a (reactant/product) of glycolysis. 2. Pyruvate is a (reactant/product) of the link reaction (or the oxidation of pyruvate). 3. NADH is a (reactant/product) of glycolysis. 4. NADH is a (reactant/product) of the link reaction. 5. NADH is a (reactant/product) of the ETC. 6. NADH is a (reactant/product) of the Krebs cycle. Circle the correct answer. 1. NAD+ is a (reactant/product) of glycolysis. 2. NAD+ is a (reactant/product) of the link reaction (or the oxidation of pyruvate). 3. NAD+ is a (reactant/product) of the ETC. 4. NAD+ is a (reactant/product) of the Krebs cycle. 5. Water is a (reactant/product) of the ETC. 6. Water is a (reactant/product) of the Krebs cycle.