Download Key Figures in Psychology (1).

Wilhelm Wundt
Structuralism
 Considered “father” of psychology
 Founder of modern psychology
 Opened a laboratory (Leipzig,
Germany ) devoted exclusively to
psychological experiments.
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show that psychology could be a valid
experimental science
 Introspection
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training people to carefully and
objectively as possible analyze the
content of their own thoughts.
 E.B. Titchener was a student and
founder of Structuralism
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First prominent system for organizing
psychological beliefs
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic
 Founder of the psychoanalytic
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perspective
Founder - the Id, Ego and
Superego (personality)
Contemporary version is called
psychodynamic perspective)
Believed that abnormal behavior
originated from unconscious
drives and conflicts
Differed two ways from other
perspectives
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Focused on abnormal behavior
Relied on personal observation
and reflections
William James
Functionalism
 First American
psychologist and author of
the first psychology
textbook.
 Often called the father of
American psychology
 James-Lange theory of
emotion
 suggests that emotions occur
as a result of physiological
reactions to events.
B.F. Skinner
Behaviorist
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American psychologist focused on
the role of responses to learning
 Best known for operant
conditioning
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Behaviors were dependent upon
what happens after the response
Schedules of reinforcement are an
important component of the
learning process.
When and how often we reinforce a
behavior can have a dramatic impact
on the strength and rate of the
response.
Skinner Box - rat learns to obtain
food by pressing a lever.
John B. Watson
Behaviorism
 Founder of Behaviorism
 The Little Albert
Experiment
 Watson’s work made
psychology more objective
and scientific in its
methods.
Carl Rogers
Humanism
 Best-known for his
nondirective approach to
treatment known as clientcentered therapy
 Emphasized conscious
experience as the proper
focus of psychology
Ivan Pavlov
Behaviorist
 Classical Conditioning
 Pavlov’s Dogs
 Fueled a move in
psychology toward interest
in observable behavior and
away from the selfexamination of inner ideas
and experiences
Erik Erikson
Erikson's stages of
psychosocial development
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Hopes: Trust vs. Mistrust (Oral-sensory, Birth-2
years)
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Will: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt ( 2-4 years)
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Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt ( Preschool, 4-5 years)
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Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority ( 5-12 years)
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Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence,
13-19 years)
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Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adulthood, 2024, or 20-39 years)
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Care: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle
adulthood, 25-64, or 40-64 years)
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Wisdom: Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood,
65-death)
Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987)
Stages of Moral Development
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1. Preconventional Moral Reasoning
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2. Conventional Moral Reasoning
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3. Postconventional Moral Reasoning
Jean Piaget
Stages of Cognitive
Develpomant
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Sensorimotor stage: from birth to age two
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Preoperational stage: starts when the child
begins to learn to speak at age two and lasts
up until the age of seven
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Concrete operational stage: from ages seven to
eleven.
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Formal operational stage: from age eleven to
sixteen and onwards