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Psychology Perspectives (approaches to studying psychology) psy·chol·o·gy Noun: 1. The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, esp. those affecting behavior in a given context. 2. The mental characteristics or attitude of a person or group. Behaviorism • View people and animals as controlled by their environment • We are the result of what we have learned from our environment • how environmental factors (called stimuli) affect observable behavior (called the response). – Classical conditioning – Operant conditioning • Only observable behavior should be studied, since it is the only thing that can be measured Behaviorism • • • • Thorndike Skinner Watson Pavlov Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic Perspective • Behavior is determined by the unconsciousness mind and early childhood experiences • We are motivated by impulse rooted in our unconscious mind • Both a perspective and a therapy Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic Perspective • Freud – Jung Humanism • Looks at the “whole person” • Looks at human behavior not only through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving • Behavior is connected to inner feelings and self image • We all are good, and strive to reach full potential (self actualization) Humanism • Carl Rogers • Abraham Maslow Cognitive • Studies the mental act or process by which knowledge is acquired • Memory, perception, attention • Scientific approach that uses lab experiments to study behavior Cognitive • Wundt • Piaget Biological • believes that most behavior is inherited and has an adaptive (or evolutionary) function • explain behaviors in neurological terms, the physiology and structure of the brain and how this influences behavior • Uses drug therapy to treat mental illness Biological • Darwin Socio-Cultural • based on the assumption that our personalities, beliefs, attitudes. and skills are learned from others • culture, ethnic identity, gender identity, socio-economic status • More recent approach to studying human behavior Socio-Cultural Conclusion • No one perspective is the “right” or “only” perspective • Each has strengths and weaknesses • Most psychologist agree that we must use multiple approaches/perspectives to explain human behavior – McLeod, S. A. (2007). Psychology Perspectives. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/perspective.html