Download Biology, Chapter 11 DNA and Genes Study Guide 1. What two

Biology, Chapter 11
DNA and Genes Study Guide
1. What two factors determine the characteristics of organisms?
2. What information does DNA carry?
3. How did the experiments of Hershey and Chase show that DNA was the genetic
material?
4. Describe the four nucleotides that make up DNA.
5. What information and/or methods enabled Watson and Crick to propose the correct
structure for DNA?
6. Describe Watson and Crick's model of DNA structure.
7. Predict the sequence of a complementary strand of DNA.
8. Compare the nucleotide sequences of bacteria, oak trees, mice, and humans.
9. How is DNA replication important for organisms?
10. Order the steps in DNA replication.
12. How does RNA differ from DNA?
13. What different characteristics does deoxyribose give to DNA?
15. Describe the roles of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA in protein synthesis.
16. How does transcription resemble DNA replication?
17. Contrast intron and exon.
18. How can DNA with only 4 bases code for proteins made up of 20 different amino
acids?
20. Translate a given mRNA sequence into an amino acid sequence.
21. How universal is the genetic code?
22. What is the role of tRNA?
24. Describe the steps in the translation of mRNA.
25. Summarize the central dogma of biology.
26. Define mutation.
27. Differentiate the effects of mutations in reproductive and body cells.
28. Why do they put the lead apron over your lap during dental X-rays?
29. Diagram the effects of two types of point mutations.
30. Describe the effects of several types of frameshift mutations.
31. Distinguish chromosomal and gene mutations.
32. Differentiate chromosomal deletion, inversion, insertion, and translocation.
33. Describe sources of "spontaneous" mutations and external sources of mutation.
34. Why is DNA repair necessary?