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DNA Structure – V3 DNA, Nucleotides and Antiparallel Strands DNA means deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the molecule in cells that has all the genetic instructions to make all other cell parts and functions. In 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick developed a double helix model for DNA. DNA consists of 2 strands of nucleic acids that twist around each other. The basic unit of a nucleic acid is called a nucleotide. Each nucleotide is made of three parts: 1. a sugar 2. a phosphate group 3. One of 4 nitrogen bases Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Coiled DNA Thymine (T) A DNA Nucleotide The two nucleic acid strands are antiparallel to each other. That means that one strand is “upside down” compared to the other. The 2 nucleic acid strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases. When the nitrogen bases bond together they follow a specific pairing rule called complementary base pairing where: Adenine - thymine Cytosine – guanine Developing a Model for DNA Rosalind Franklin had concluded that there were two antiparallel sugar-phosphate backbones, with the nitrogen Uncoiled DNA bases paired in the DNA molecule’s interior. Watson and Crick then built models of a double helix to match the X-rays and chemistry of DNA. At first, Watson and Crick thought the nitrogen bases paired like with like (A with A, and so on), but such pairings did not result in a uniform width of the DNA molecule. Then Watson and Crick determined that adenine paired only with thymine, and guanine paired only with cytosine. Finally, the structure of the molecule carrying genetic traits for all living organisms was figured out. DNA Structure – V3 DNA, Nucleotides and Antiparallel Strands DNA means ____________________________. DNA is the molecule in cells that has all the ______________________ to make all other cell parts and functions. In 1953 _________________ and ___________________ developed a double helix model for DNA. DNA consists of _____________________________ that ____________ around each other. The basic unit of a nucleic acid is called a ______________________. Each nucleotide is made of three parts: 1. A ___________ Coiled DNA 2. A _______________ group 3. One of 4 nitrogen bases _______________ (A) _______________ (G) _______________ (C) _______________ (T) Label the DNA Nucleotide The two nucleic acid strands are _______________________ to each other. That means that one strand is “_____________________” compared to the other. The 2 nucleic acid strands are held together by ____________ _ _____________ between the nitrogen bases. When the nitrogen bases bond together they follow a specific pairing rule called ________________________________________ where: Adenine – thymine Cytosine – guanine Uncoiled DNA DNA Structure – V3 Developing a Model for DNA Rosalind Franklin had concluded that there were two antiparallel ____________________ _______________________, with the ________________________ paired in the DNA molecule’s __________________ based on X-ray crystallography. Watson and Crick then __________________ of a double helix to match the X-rays and chemistry of DNA. At first, Watson and Crick thought the nitrogen bases paired like with like (A with A, and so on), but such pairings ______________________________________________of the DNA molecule. Then Watson and Crick determined that adenine paired only with thymine, and guanine paired only with cytosine. Finally, the structure of the _______________________________________ for all living organisms was figured out. Homework Read pgs. 187-190 Do Thought Lab #1-4 Use this diagram to answer the following questions. 1. Make one circle around all the nucleotides on the left hand strand. 2. Write the nitrogen base sequence for the right hand side starting at the top. 3. Name the parts of the nucleotide that make up the “backbone” of a strand of DNA. 4. Why are the strands anti-parallel? 5.a) How many hydrogen bonds are there between cytosine and guanine? b) How many hydrogen bonds are there between adenine and guanine? 6. How many nucleotides are in this strand of DNA? 7. How many nitrogen bases are in one nucleotide?