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ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Science (B.Sc.) Cell Biology (LSE-01) ASSIGNMENTS 2002 ASSIGNMENT-1 TMA ASSIGNMENT-2 CMA SCHOOL OF SCIENCES Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi New Delhi – 110 068 LSE-01 LSE-01 Assignments 1 and 2 2002 Dear Students, As explained in the Programme Guide for B.Sc, you will have to do 2 assignments for the elective course LSE – 01. One of the assignments is Tutor Marked (TMA) and the other is Computer Marked (CMA). The blockwise distribution of assignments is as follows: Assignment – 1 (TMA) Assignment – 2 (CMA) Block 1 to 4 Block 1 to 4 The instructions for doing the assignments are provided in the Programme Guide under Section 7.1 Assignment. You should read the instructions carefully before you start doing these assignments. Please submit your assignments as follows: Assignment No. Assignment – 1 (TMA) Assignment – 2 (CMA) Date of Submission 12 weeks after receiving the printed material with assignments. 12 weeks after receiving the printed material with assignments. Answer sheets received after the due date shall not be accepted. We strongly suggest that you retain a copy of your assignments. Wishing you all good luck. 2 Where to Send The Coordinator of your study centre The Director (SR&E), Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi – 110068. ASSIGNMENT – 1 (Tutor Marked Assignment) Course Code : B.Sc./LSE-01 Assignment Code : LSE-01/AST-1/TMA-1/2002 Max. Marks : 100 1. a) Give short answer to the following questions. i) ii) iii) iv) Name an eucaryote in which mitochondria are absent. Which protobiont model was proposed by Alexander Oparin? State one important difference between procaryotic and eucaryotic DNA. List two changes in the environment that resulted from evolution of water splitting photosynthesis. b) i) ii) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. (1) (1) (1) (2) What is the difference between resolving power and magnifying power of a microscope? Explain fluorescence microscopy. (2) (3) a) Antibodies are used to localise the specific molecule in cell. How? (5) b) Explain polymorphism in lysosomes. (5) a) Describe the process of column chromatography for separating biomolecules. (5) b) List the lipid components of biomembranes and discuss their organisation in these biomembranes. (5) a) Differentiate between the following: i) Free Diffusion and Osmosis ii) Facilitated Diffusion and Active Transport (2½2) b) Calculate the permeability of the membrane when the concentration difference across the membrane is 0.1 moles/lit and the rate of the movement of the substance across the membrane is 106 mole/cm2/sec. (5) a) With the help of examples discuss the specificity of enzymes with respect to the nature of the reaction they catalyse. (2½) b) How is enzyme activity controlled by covalent modulation of enzymes? (2½) a) Describe briefly the two main phases of cellular respiration. (Hint: with and without oxygen use) (10) b) Outline the functional interrelationship between catabolism and anabolism. (5) a) Explain, how DNA is organized in chromosomes? (5) b) Describe the replication of DNA and the location of enzymes involved in DNA replication. (5) 3 8. Discuss briefly the role of calcium ions as second messenger. 9. a) List the four factors which are considered important in controlling the cell division. (2) b) Explain briefly the molecular theory of genetic recombination. (3) What are cell junctions? Compare between tight junctions and gap junctions. (5) b) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of nerve cell. (3) c) Differentiate between bone and cartilage. (2) 10. a) (5) 11. What is the role of meristematic tissues in plants? Compare the mitotic division in plant and animal cells. (5+5) 4 ASSIGNMENT – 2 (Computer Marked Assignment) Course Code : B.Sc./LSE-01 Assignment Code : LSE-01/AST-2/CMA-1/2002 Max. Marks : 100 1. Which of the following is on the borderline of life between living and non-living organisms? 1) Green bacteria 2) Eubacteria 3) Purple bacteria 4) TMV 2. Which of the following organelle is common to both procaryotes and eucaryotes? 1) Ribosomes 2) Nucleus 3) Mitochondria 4) Lysosomes 3. ‘Power house’ of the cell is 1) Chloroplast 2) Lysosomes 3) Mitochondria 4) Peroxisomes 4. If you want to examine the patterns of capillaries in a section of skin, which microscope will you use? 1) LM 2) TEM 3) SEM 4) Phase contrast microscope 5. 32 P is used as tracer of 1) Protein metabolism 2) Salt metabolism 3) Heme synthesis 4) Nucleic acid metabolism 6. Which of the following plastids store carbohydrate in the form of starch? 1) Chloroplast 2) Leucoplast 3) Chromoplast 4) Amyloplast 7. Under pathological conditions, which form of lysosomes are found in abundance? 1) Primary lysosomes 2) Secondary lysosomes 3) Residual bodies 4) Autophagic vacuoles 5 8. A cell with extensive network of RER is actively involved in 1) Protein synthesis 2) Lipid metabolism 3) ATP production 4) Formation of cell plate 9. Cysteine is a monomer of 1) carbohydrates 2) lipids 3) nucleic acids 4) proteins 10. A single carboxyl group and a long non-polar hydrocarbon chain is the characteristic of 1) nucleoside 2) amino acid 3) fatty acid 4) pyrimidine 11. The unique properties of water that make it necessary for life is due to its 1) pH 2) solvent nature 3) molecular structure 4) dissociation constant 12. Phosphate group of the nucleotide can form an ester bond with both the 3 and 5 OH group of pentose sugar and the bond is known as 1) Hydrogen bond 2) Covalent bond 3) Phosphodiester bond 4) Electrovalent bond 13. Terpenes is synthesized by polymerization of five carbon unit called 1) isoprene unit 2) lecithin unit 3) cephalin unit 4) phosphatidylserine unit 14. In -chains of protein collagen every third molecule is 1) proline 2) glycine 3) lysine 4) hydroxy-proline 15. The cellulose molecule is a linear chain because the glucose molecules are linked by 1) 1 – 4 glycosidic bonds 2) 1 – 4 glycosidic bonds 3) peptide bonds 4) intermolecular hydrogen bonds 6 16. Membrane fluidity increases with increase in temperature because 1) cholesterol prevents the binding of hydrocarbon chains. 2) it becomes more permeable to water and other molecules. 3) fatty acyl side chains undergo transition from get like state to a mobile state. 4) the lateral movement of integral proteins increases. 17. The osmotic pressure of one molar aluminium chloride in water at 30C would be 1) 9976.8 J litre1 2) 11006.5 J litre1 3) 10076.5 J litre1 4) 2519.1 J litre1 18. A solution having higher osmotic pressure than the other is called as 1) Hyperosmotic 2) Hypoosmotic 3) Isoosmotic 4) Hypertonic 19. What do you call the small hydrophobic protein molecules which dissolve in the lipid bilayer and increase the ion permeability of the bilayer? 1) Chromophore 2) Ionophore 3) Uniport 4) Symport 20. Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in a cell? 1) Chloroplast 2) Mitochondrion 3) Leucoplast 4) Golgybody 21. Activation energy 1) helps the substrate to bind with the enzymes. 2) is the energy required by the reaction to start. 3) is the energy required to break the energy barrier to start a reaction. 4) is enhanced by the enzymes in biological systems. 22. The enzymes that transfer hydrogen to a molecule other than oxygen are called 1) oxidases 2) transferases 3) hydrolases 4) dehydrogenases 23. Michaelis constant depends one the 1) pH 2) enzyme concentration 3) susbtrate concentration 4) temperature 7 24. Operan model explains the 1) genetic control of enzymes in prokaryotes. 2) genetic control of enzymes in eukaryotes. 3) genetic control of feed back inhibition. 4) synthesis of substrate and specific enzyme. 25. The conversion of digestive enzymes from their inactive forms to active form in the gut lumen is an example of 1) hormone regulation 2) compartmentation 3) genetic control 4) covalent modulation 26. In biosystems isotopic form of an element is used for 1) making subcellular fractions 2) perfusion of the organs 3) creating abnormalities in the organisms 4) labelling the metabolite to trace its course 27. Which one of the following is responsible for the stimulation of glycolysis? 1) Citrate 2) NADH 3) ADP 4) Alanine 28. The enzyme acyl dehydrogenase is involved in 1) protein metabolism 2) glycolysis 3) fatty acid degradation 4) None of the above 29. Which of the following are used during biosynthesis in organisms? 1) ATP and NAD 2) ADP and NAD 3) ATP and NADPH 4) ATP and Oxygen 30. Which of the following differences between glycogen and starch is correctly stated? 1) The monomeric units in glycogen are glucose and in starch cellulose. 2) Glycogen is a linear polymer while starch is branched. 3) Starch is a mixture of cellulose and amylose and glycogen contains amylose and amylopectin. 4) All are incorrect 31. During gluconeogenesis 1) the molecules of glucose are synthesised from the carbon skeleton of amino acids, lactate and glycerol 2) glucose is broken down into glycerol and pyruvate 3) the excess of glucose is secreted in the cells 4) none of the above 8 32. Which of the following is not a component of nucleosomes: 1) H2A 2) H1 3) H4 4) 300 bp of DNA 33. RNA is transcribed from DNA by 1) DNA polymerase 2) RNA polymerase 3) Elongation factor G 4) Poly (A) polymerase 34. The higher levels of chromatin are maintained by histone 1) H2A 2) H2B 3) H1 4) H4 35. The nuclear contents are separated from the cytoplasm by two concentric complex membranes surrounding the nucleus. These membranes are termed as: 1) perinuclear space 2) nuclear lamina 3) nuclear envelop 4) nuclear matrix 36. Enzyme Polymerases are involved in 1) Sealing of DNA fragments 2) Replication of DNA 3) Cutting of DNA segments 4) Organisation of DNA 37. Neuroregulators are the signalling molecules that fall into the category of 1) neurotransmitters 2) hormones 3) local chemical mediaters 4) none of the above. 38. Signalling mediated by steroid hormones requires 1) cell surface receptors 2) intracellular receptors 3) second messenger 4) cyclic AMP 39. Chemotactic responses are the reactions of unicellular organisms to extracellular signals in which 1) receptoer-down regulation occurs due to target cell desensitization. 2) cells moves towards or away from a specific chemical substance present in the environment. 3) second messenger binds to specific protein in the cell and alters its conformation. 4) calcium ions are released from internal storage. 9 40. In which phase of cell division most of the protein and RNA synthesis occurs? 1) Interphase 2) Prophase 3) Anaphase 4) Metaphase 41. In which stage of meiotic cell division synapsis or pairing of chromosomes occurs? 1) Leptotene 2) Zygotene 3) Pachytene 4) Diplotene 42. In which stage of meiosis formation of chiasmata occurs? 1) Zygotene 2) Pachytene 3) Diplotene 4) Diakinesis 43. Aggregation of slime mold amoeba occurs 1) as a response to cyclic AMP synthesized by starving cells. 2) due to the need for reproduction. 3) as a result of a cyclic phenomenon of life cycle. 4) due to migration of the cells. 44. Plasmodesmata are the 1) tight junctions 2) gap junctions in the animals 3) desmosomes in the plants 4) communicating junctions in plants 45. Which one of the following is not the protein found in extracellular matrix of animals? 1) Chondronectin 2) Glycosaminoglycans 3) Collagen 4) Fibronectin 46. Hard bone without any space is called as 1) Spongy bone 2) Compact bone 3) Replacing bone 4) Dermal bone 47. White blood cells with pear shaped large nucleus are 1) Monocytes 2) Lymphocytes 3) Basophils 4) Thrombocytes 10 48. Cartilage with transparent and homogenous matrix is called 1) Fibrous cartilage 2) Calcified cartilage 3) Elastic cartilage 4) Hyaline cartilage 49. Which of the following tissues is found in hard seeds, nuts and stony fruits of plants? 1) Xylem 2) Phloem 3) Sclerenchyma 4) Collenchyma 50. The carbohydrate which clogs the sieve plates at the end of growing season and during winter but gets dissolved during spring is 1) cellulose 2) callose 3) hemicellulose 4) pectin 11