Download Biology: Unit 2 Study Guide Chapter Sections Considered Fair

Biology: Unit 2 Study Guide
Chapter Sections Considered Fair Game for the Test:
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Chapter 1: Section 7
Chapter 13: Sections 0-8, 11-15, 17
Chapter 14: Sections 0-6, 9
Chapter 15: Sections 4, 9, 10, 13
Selected Readings, Labs, and Activities Considered Fair Game for the Test:
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Peppered Moth Activity
Why Finish Your Antibiotics?
Final paragraph of Origin of Species
Evidence of Evolution handouts
Harkness articles
Salamander Packet
Finch data handout
Skills You Should Have Mastered:
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Explaining the concept of evolution, how it’s driven and the evidence that supports it
Graphing and analyzing changes in population numbers over time (peppered moth lab)
Keeping a binder organized into units and a toolbox section of important documents
How to participate in and critique a Harkness seminar for pros/cons and for personal achievement during the
seminar
Concepts Considered Fair Game for the Test:
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Charles Darwin – the impact of his travels on his theory
o How his thinking was different from prevailing wisdom at the time
o Important observations that he made that helped him come up with natural selection
Evolution, natural selection.
o How does it work?
o What’s required (ex. Heritable variation of traits)
o Give examples
Evidences of evolution: Fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy & embryology, molecular biology,
antibiotic resistance and all vocabulary associated with these concepts
o How fossils can be used to compare characteristics of extinct and living species to understand
relatedness and speciation
o How anatomy should be used along side molecular data when determining species relatedness when
possible or implications if not
o Importance of Pangaea in terms of evolution
o Explain how antibiotic resistance can come about and why it’s important to use antibiotics as directed
Populations, not individuals, evolve
Types of natural selection (directional, stabilizing, disruptive)
o Give examples of each
o Provide reasoning behind assertion as to type of selection if given an example
o Sexual dimorphism
Genetic drift is random but can impact gene pool
o Bottleneck effect, founder’s effect
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Evolution does not result in perfect beings (in itself can be a form of evolution) and it is not goal directed
o Be able to give examples
Biological Species Concept, Morphological Species Concept, Phylogenetic Species concept
Reproductive barriers and importance of
Allopatric (geographic barriers) and sympatric speciation
o Speciation (via natural selection) causes the diversity of life seen today
Major events in earth’s history
When major events happened relative to earth’s long history (general- gap with no new fossils,
unicellular first)
o Relationships between events (ex. must have unicellular before multicellular)
Examples of mass extinctions and their causes
o How extinction relates to adaptive radiation
Adaptive radiation
o Give examples – Grants’ data on finches comes in handy here)
o Explain how it increases the diversity of life
o Why salamanders have not yet undergone adaptive radiation
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Vocabulary (define and use in explanations!):
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Adaptations
Adaptive radiation
Allopatric speciation
Analogy
Artificial selection
Behavioral isolation
Binomial nomenclature
Biogeography
Bottleneck effect
BSC
Comparative anatomy
and embryology
Convergent evolution
Directional selection
Disruptive selection
Evolution
Evolutionary tree
Fitness (relative)
Fossil record
Founder effect
Gametic isolation
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Gene flow
Gene Pool
Genetic drift
Habitat isolation
Homologous structures
(homology)
Hybrid
Hybrid breakdown
Mechanical isolation
Macroevolution
Microevolution
Molecular biology
(evidence)
MSC
Multicellular
Natural selection
Paleontologist
Pangaea
Phylogenetic tree
Phylogeny
Population
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Postzygotic barrier
Prezygotic barrier
PSC
Ratio of increase
Reduced hybrid fertility
Reduced hybrid viability
Reproductive isolation
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual selection
Speciation
Stabilizing selection
Strata
Sympatric speciation
Systematics
Taxon/taxa
Taxonomy
Temporal isolation
Unicellular
Vertebrate
Vestigial structures
What Can I do with all of This Kerry?
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Break down the unit into major concepts
o Natural Selection and what’s necessary in order for it to occur
o Earth’s history
o Evidence of evolution
o Microevolution
o Speciation & Reproductive barriers
o Macroevolution
o Applications of evolution (think articles)
For each concept, connect the smaller concepts/vocabulary. I tend to use diagrams or graphic organizers
(writing things in bubbles and connecting them to other bubbles). Example for natural selection below
o What does natural selection need? Within a population- heritable variability, overreproduction,
struggle for resources, ratio of increase…etc.
o How does natural selection result in new species? Explain it!
o Why doesn’t natural selection result in perfect species? Explain it.
o What do adaptations have to do with it and how do they come about?