* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 2005 exam
Saethre–Chotzen syndrome wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of diabetes Type 2 wikipedia , lookup
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Gene desert wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Gene nomenclature wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy of the human retina wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
B250 exam paper 2005 ANSWER FOUR QUESTIONS 1. Describe the structure and function of the Bithorax and Antennapedia complexes in fruit flies. How do they relate to the Hox gene clusters in vertebrates? 2. Discuss the role of the Spemann organiser in frog head development. 3. Describe the features of pre-implantation mouse development that facilitate the derivation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Discuss how manipulating gene function by homologous recombination in ES cells has added to our understanding of vertebrate development. 4. Write an essay outlining how dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior patterning occur in the vertebrate central nervous system. 5. Discuss how the vasculature in vertebrates develops? 6. Discuss the role of Pax6 as a master regulator of eye development and what characterizes a developmental master regulator or selector gene. Explain the structural components needed for recruiting a gene into a novel developmental pathway during the course of evolution. 7. Discuss how limbs develop in vertebrates? 8. Answer both parts (each part is of equal value): a) The vasculature, the lung, and the nervous system are all branched structures. Compare the fundamental mechanisms by which they develop. What are the differences and what is shared? The names of individual genes are not required but don't limit yourself just to vertebrates. b) Compare the roles of branchless in Drosophila tracheal development and VEGF in vertebrate vascular development. 9. Compare and contrast the mechanisms of sex determination in humans and Drosophila.