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Classification Classification What is classification? – Organising living things into groups: • Anatomy • Genetics Horseshoe crab Anatomically - looks like a crab Genetically - more closely related to spiders Classification Why classify organisms? Blue whale - MAMMAL Classification Why classify organisms? • Helps others understand which species you are talking about • Can group species based on shared characteristics • To study phylogeny – how related species are Emperor penguin - BIRD Dusky dolphin - MAMMAL Classification • Linnaean classification – Genus and species, e.g. Homo sapiens Panthera leo Panthera tigris Classification • Genus and species are the tip of the iceberg • There are many different levels in the classification hierarchy • Top level is the 5 Kingdoms: – Protists – Bacteria – Fungi – Plants – Animals (e.g. amoebae, algae) (e.g. bacteria, archaebacteria) Classification Kingdom Animalia • ~ 1.26 million animal species • Vertebrates and invertebrates • ~ 1.2 million are invertebrates (e.g. insects, crustaceans) Monarch butterfly INVERTEBRATE • ~ 60,000 are vertebrates Great white shark VERTEBRATE Classification INVERTEBRATES • No spinal column (also called backbone) • No internal skeleton VERTEBRATES • Have a spinal column • Have an internal skeleton Seven-spot ladybird INVERTEBRATE Vertebrates are divided into five groups: • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals Purple frog VERTEBRATE The Vertebrates Mammals • Produce milk from mammary glands to feed young • Maintain constant body temperature (warmblooded) • Covering of hair • Give birth to live young The Vertebrates irds • Maintain a constant body temperature (warmblooded) • Reproduce by laying eggs • Have feathers • Most can fly • Have a beak The Vertebrates Reptiles • Don’t regulate body temperature (cold-blooded) • Tough scaly skin • Most lay eggs with leathery shells The Vertebrates Amphibians • Don’t regulate body temperature (cold-blooded) • Lay eggs in water • Life cycle involves transformation from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adult • Can respire through porous skin The Vertebrates ish • Actually a collection of four distantly related groups • Breathe underwater using internal gills for gas exchange • Body covered with scales • Most don’t regulate body temperature (cold-blooded)
