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Transcript
DNA----Forensic Science Notes DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid *Carries genetic information *Makes up chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell *Genes within the chromosomes are considered the basic unit of heredity (Each gene has its own specific location called a LOCUS) *Double stranded, double helix shape Remember: Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in each cell’s nucleus. DNA is a polymer, arranged in repeating units. *Nucleotides: repeating units of DNA *Nucleotides are composed of a sugar molecule, a phosphorus containing molecule, (called the backbone) and a nitrogen containing molecule called a base. *Four types of bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. *Bases pair A to T and G to C (complementary base pairing) *Average human chromosome has DNA with over 100 million base pairs *No order to how the bases are sequenced on the DNA strand Examples: T-A-T-T G-T-A-A Match with: History: Mid 1800’s: nuclei of cells contain nucleic acids ***Dr. Rosalind Franklin discovered that DNA was a strand of molecules in spiral form ***1949: Edwin Chargaff discovers the amount of cytosine in cells always equals the amount of guanine & the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine ***1953: Watson & Crick came up with the double helix model of DNA
