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臨時生物科学セミナー(第164回) 日 時:平成20年11月25日(火)16:30~18:00 場 所:理学部2号館 第二講義室(223号室) 講演題目:Patterning Genes in Land Plants 講演者名:John L. Bowman (School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia; Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, USA) John L. Bowman 1,2, Sandra K. Floyd 1, Keiko Sakakibara 1, Chris Zalewski 2 , Karen Yip 2, Pia Sappl 1, Dyani Lewis 1, Lukas Brand 1, Eduardo FloresSandoval 1 As more plant genome sequences become available, researchers are increasingly using comparative genomics to address some of the major questions in plant biology. Such questions include the evolution of photosynthesis and multicellularity, and the developmental genetic changes responsible for changes in body plan and the origin of important plant innovations such as roots, leaves, and vascular tissue. We have focused on tracing the evolutionary history of genes involved in pattern formation. In particular, we have investigated the history of genes involved in establishing leaf polarity in Arabidopsis. We find that some genes are evolutionarily recent, evolving coincident with the evolution of leaves in seed plants. However, other genes predate the evolution of leaves, implying a co-option from a more ancestral role. Expression and functional studies in early diverging lineages of land plants provide clues as to ancestral functions, and thus to the evolution of land plant morphology. For example, Class III HD-Zip genes act to promote meristem development, adaxial leaf development and vascular development in Arabidopsis. Since the latter two tissues do not exist in early diverging land plant lineages, apical growth and meristem development may represent an ancestral function. Expression analyses in moss and liverworts support this hypothesis, but also suggest a more direct role in response to light, an environmental parameter that is key in molding the plastic development of plants, and establishing polarity in liverworts in particular. Thus, ancestral roles of patterning genes may lie in interactions with environmental parameters critical in the transition from an aquatic algal ancestor to a land plant. 東京大学理学部生物学科植物学コース