Download Evolution Study Guide Vocabulary Terms Evolution Species Fossil

Evolution Study Guide
Vocabulary Terms
1. Evolution
2. Species
3. Fossil
4. Variation
5. Adaptation
6. Artificial selection
7. Heritability
8. Natural selection
9. Population
10. Fitness
Darwin’s Observations (section 10.2)
1.
2.
11. Homologous
structure
12. Analogous structure
13. Vestigial structure
14. Gene pool
15. Reproductive
isolation
16. Speciation
17. Behavioral isolation
18. Geographic isolation
19.
20.
21.
22.
Temporal isolation
Convergent evolution
Divergent
Coevolution
(including beneficial
and competitive
relationships)
23. Extinction
24. Punctuated
equilibrium
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Adaptive radiation
Relative dating
Radiometric dating
Isotope
Half life
Nebula
Ribozyme
Endosymbiosis
Describe how Darwin arrived at his idea about species variation. What accounts for the variation Darwin observed?
Recognize variation and adaptations within a species (such as finches or tortoises). Be able to give and/or examples for both variation and adaptation.
Theory of Natural Selection, sexual selection and factors that lean to evolution (section 10.3, pg.338, pg 342)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Compare artificial selection to natural selection.
Examine the factors Darwin considered in forming his theory of natural selection.
Summarize the four principles of natural selection.
Does natural selection act on phenotypes or genotypes? Does natural act on existing traits, or can it work directly on DNA?
Explain each of the factors that can lead to evolution (there are 6)
Recognize patterns in sexual selection and understand how sexual selection occurs.
Evidence of Evolution (section 10.4, page 318, and beginning of 12.1)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Recognize major sources of evidence for evolution.
What are the four types of fossils?
Be able to recognize homologous structures and analogous structures and give examples of each.
Understand how vestigial structures show evidence of evolution. What are some examples of vestigial structures (remember, vestigial structures are NOT
used, therefore penguin wings are not considered vestigial structures because they use them to swim).
Speciation through Isolation (section 11.5)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Explain how isolation of populations can lead to speciation.
Describe how populations become isolated, naming each of the barriers (there are 3).
Explain how each of the barriers led to isolation, and how isolation is the last step to speciation.
Give examples of each type of barrier.
Patterns in evolutions (section 11.6)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Describe different types and rates of evolution.
Compare different types and rates of extinction.
Explain convergent and divergent evolution, listing specific examples.
Explain how species can shape each other over time, giving examples of both competitive and beneficial relationships.
Summarize the process in which organism can undergo, extinction, speciation and evolution, using the terms punctuated equilibrium and adaptive
radiation (think of dinosaurs and mammals).
Dating Fossils (end of 12.1)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Compare and contrast relative and radiometric dating.
How does radiometric dating provide an accurate age of a fossil? What do scientists measure when using radiometric dating?
How do isotopes differ?
Be able to read a graph (such as figure 12.4 in your book) to tell the age of a fossil.
Origin of Life and endosymbiosis (section 12.3 and pg. 373)
1.
2.
3.
Describe the conditions on Earth billions of years ago.
Summarize the main hypotheses of how life began on Earth.
What is endosymbiosis? How does the theory of endosymbiosis account for the evolution of eukaryotes?