Download Student Study Guide THEORY AND EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION 15

SELF STUDY GUIDE EVOLUTION AND NATURALSELECTION
UNIT objectives:
A) Be able to describe Darwin’s theory of evolution in terms of the 4 components that make up
natural selection and explain how natural selection can modify or change species over time.
(Pg 297-301)
B) Describe evidence for evolution including: fossil evidence, biogeography, embryology,
homologous structures, DNA comparison, protein comparison, and vestigial organs.
(Pg 302–307)
C) Define speciation, describe how speciation occurs, and explain the 3 patterns of selection.
(Pg 324-329)
D) Demonstrate knowledge of taxonomy and be able to read and construct a cladogram.
(Pg 337-345)
Vocabulary: embryology, homologous structure, analogous structure, vestigial structure,
stabilizing selection , directional selection, disruptive selection, speciation , taxonomy, adaptation
Review questions
1) From pages 297-301 titled “History of Evolutionary Thought” be able to:
(a) Explain Darwin’s first theory “Descent with Modification”
(b) Explain what data led Darwin to believe this to be true.
(c) Explain the term “fitness” in terms of evolution.
2) From pages 302-307 titled “Evidence for Evolution” and From pages 308-310 be able to:
a) Explain several ways in which fossils can form (Figure 15-5)
b) Explain why transitional species in fossil record are important.
c) Explain how the following can be evidence for evolution:
i) Homologous structures and analogous structures. Vestigial structures. Similarities in
embryology. Similarities in macromolecules
d) Explain what artificial selection is.
e) Explain coevolution and give an example.
f) Define divergent evolution and radiation in evolution
3) From pages 326-330 titled “Formation of Species” be able to:
a) Contrast morphological and biological concepts of species.
b) Explain how geographical isolation can lead to new species.
c) Explain how reproductive isolation can lead to speciation.
d) Contrast pre-zygotic and post-zygotic isolation.
4) From pages 336-345 Titled “ Classification of Organisms” be able to:
a) Name the 8 levels of modern Linnaean system and put them in the correct order.
b) Explain the purpose of binomial nomenclature
c) Draw a cladogram using evidence of shared ancestry
d) Contrast “shared character” and “derived character”