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Evolution Study Guide Vocabulary Terms For test For quiz 1.
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Evolution Species Fossil Variation Adaptation Artificial selection Heritability Natural selection (all 4 factors) Population Fitness Homologous structure Analogous structure 13.
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Vestigial structure Gene pool Reproductive isolation Speciation Behavioral isolation Geographic isolation Temporal isolation Convergent evolution Divergent evolution Coevolution (including beneficial and competitive relationships) 23. Extinction 24.
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Punctuated equilibrium Adaptive radiation Relative dating Radiometric dating Isotope Half life Nebula hypothesis Miller‐Urey Experiment Endosymbiosis Darwin’s Observations and Ideas of Evolution (section 10.1 & 10.2) 1. Describe how Darwin arrived at his idea about species variation. What accounts for the variation Darwin observed? 2. Recognize variation and adaptations within a species (such as finches or tortoises). Be able to give and/or explain examples for both variation and adaptation. Theory of Natural Selection, Artificial Selection, and Sexual selection (section 10.3, pg.338, pg 342) 1. Be able to define evolution and summarize the 4 factors that make up natural selection. a. Variation, Overproduction (overpopulation), Adaptation, Descent with Modification 2. Compare artificial selection to natural selection. 3. Examine the 5 factors Darwin considered in forming his theory of natural selection. a. Genetic Drift, Gene Flow, Mutation, Sexual Selection, Natural Selection 4. Does natural selection act on phenotypes or genotypes? Does natural selection act on existing traits, or can it work directly on DNA, creating something completely new? The highlights are hints :) 5. Recognize patterns (be able to give examples) in sexual selection and understand how sexual selection occurs (both intra‐ and inter‐). Evidence of Evolution (section 10.4, page 318, and 12.1) 1. Recognize the 5 major sources of evidence for evolution. a. Fossils, Geography, Embryology, Anatomy, Molecular (DNA) 2. What are the four types of fossils? a. How are fossils dated? b. Compare and contrast relative dating and radiometric dating. c. Be able to read a graph (such as figure 12.4 in your book) to tell how old something is). 3. Be able to recognize homologous structures and analogous structures and give examples of each. 4. Understand how vestigial structures show evidence of evolution. What are some examples of vestigial structures (remember, vestigial structures are NOT used, therefore penguin wings are not considered vestigial structures because they use them to swim). Speciation through Isolation (section 11.5) 1. Explain how isolation of populations can lead to speciation. 2. Describe how populations become isolated. Be able to name & give an example of each of the barriers (there are 3). 3. Explain how each of the barriers led to a lack of gene flow isolation, and how reproductive isolation is the last step before speciation. Patterns in evolutions (section 11.6) 1. Describe different types and rates of evolution. 2. Compare different types and rates of extinction. 3. Explain convergent and divergent evolution, listing specific examples. How do these relate to homologous/analogous structures? 4. Explain how species can shape each other over time, giving examples of both competitive and beneficial relationships. 5. Summarize the process in which organism can undergo, extinction, speciation and evolution, using the terms punctuated equilibrium and adaptive radiation (think of dinosaurs and mammals). Origin of Life and endosymbiosis (section 12.3 and pg. 373) 1. Describe the conditions on Earth billions of years ago. 2. Summarize the main hypotheses of how life began on Earth. 3. What is endosymbiosis? How does the theory of endosymbiosis account for the evolution of eukaryotes? 4. How is the evolution of sexual reproduction important in terms of biodiversity?