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1. ------IND- 2016 0643 HU- EN- ------ 20161215 --- --- IMPACT Impact assessment concerning the amendment of Government Decree No 66/2012 of 2 April 2012 on activities that can be carried out in relation to narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and new psychoactive substances, the inclusion of these substances in schedules and the amendment of such schedules The following rows 109–121 are added to the table under ‘B) SCHEDULE OF PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES’, sub-heading ‘Schedule 1 of psychotropic substances (P1)’ of Annex 1 to Government Decree No 66/2012 of 2 April 2012: [1 Official name/or other name or abbreviation, or way of writing often used abroad/ Chemical name] ‘ 109. 4-benzylpiperidine 4-(phenylmethyl)piperidine 110. 3,4methyl-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[piperidin-2-yl]acetate dichloromethylphenidate / 3,4-CTMP 111. A-836,339 N-[3-(2-methoxyethyl)-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane- carboxamide 112. MXP, methoxyphenidine, 2MeO-diphenidine 1-[1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethyl]piperidine 113. 3F-phenmetrazine, meta- 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-methylmorpholine fluoro- phenmetrazine, meta-F-phenmetrazine 114. N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N- N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(1-pentyl-1H-indol(1-methylethyl)-2-(13-yl)-4-thiazol-methanamine pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-4thiazol-methanamine 115. N,N-diethyl-2-(1-pentyl- N,N-diethyl-2-(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-thiazol1H-indol-3-yl)-4-thiazol- methanamine methanamine 116. alpha-PBT; alfa-PBT; a- 2-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)butan-1-one PBT; αPyrrolidinobutiothiophen 1 one 117. Diclazepam, 2Chlorodiazepam, Ro53448 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H- 1,4benzodiazepin-2-one 118. Diphenidine, 1,21-(1,2-Diphenylethyl)piperidine diphenylethylpiperidine; DPD; 1,2-DEP; DIPH 119. MTTA; MTA; Mephtetramine 2-[(Methylamino)methyl]-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one 120. Nitracaine 3-(Diethylamino)-2,2-dimethylpropyl 4-nitrobenzoate 121. EG-018 (naphthalen-1-yl) (9-pentyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-methanone ” 109. 4-benzylpiperidine 4-(phenylmethyl)piperidine It is a stimulant with a euphoric effect and an analogue of the stimulant piperidine. It acts as a monoamine releasing agent with high selectivity for releasing dopamine, which may lead to addiction. Its overdose may induce psychosis. It can be substituted for amphetamine and methylphenidate. 110. 3,4-dichloromethylphenidate/ 3,4-CTMP methyl-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[piperidin-2yl]acetate It is a chemical analogue of the stimulant piperidine. With pharmacological properties similar to methylphenidate, it acts as a monoamine releasing agent with high selectivity for releasing dopamine, which may lead to addiction. It is a stimulant with a euphoric effect, which effectively boosts the intersynaptic levels of the noradrenaline (effective reuptake inhibitor), and can presumably cause addiction. Its overdose may induce psychosis. It can be substituted for methylphenidate and amphetamine. Since it is an effective stimulant, its side effects may trigger irritability, aggression and psychosis. As a somatic effect, it can cause vasoconstriction. Its effects are similar to those of MDMA. This compound is defined by literature as a psychostimulant. Its effect is approximately seven times stronger than methylphenidate (Ritalin). It increases the levels of dopamine and noradrenalin, thereby producing a euphoric effect, decreasing appetite and causing insomnia. Withdrawal symptoms may occur when users stop taking the drug. 111. A-836,339 N-[3-(2-methoxyethyl)-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-2ylidene]- 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxamide 2 This compound acts as a potent synthetic agonist of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor with a high binding affinity (0.64 nM). Regular stimulation of this receptor causes addiction in 6–10 % of cases. It is especially selective for the CB1 receptor (>200) and has a highly lipophilic nature. It can induce psychotic visual and auditory hallucinations. Its use can lead to comprehension difficulties and mood swings. Administration thereof may cause sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension, hypothermia, vomiting, tachycardia, extrapyramidal movement disorder and hyperkinesia. Its analgesic effect was studied in animal experiments, while it was also tested to detect the CB2 receptor in PET testing during animal experiments. 112. MXP, methoxyphenidine, 2MeO-diphenidine 1-[1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethyl]piperidine Similar to ketamine and PCP, it is a dissociative compound potent on the NMDA receptor. It can be assumed that it boosts dopamine concentration similar to those above in the nucleus accumbens, which may lead to addiction. It is accompanied by intensely dissociative and disorientating hallucinations and abnormal movements. Symptoms of intoxication similar to PCP, hypertension, tachycardia, perceptual malfunction, hallucinations, agitation, confusional state, somnolence, occasionally comatose state, nystagmus, opisthotonus, amnesia, urinary retention and grand mal seizures have been reported. While under its influence, users' behaviour may be reckless and they may take excessive risks. According to literature, it is a hallucinogenic compound referred to as a ‘designer drug’ on the Internet. Several deaths have been reported following its administration. 113. 3F-phenmetrazine, meta-fluorophenmetrazine, meta-Fphenmetrazine 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-methylmorpholine It is the fluorinated analogue of the phenmetrazine that is similar to amphetamine but has a somewhat less stimulating effect. Regular administration can lead to addiction. It increases the levels of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline in the intersynaptic space, producing a euphoric effect. The substance can increase anxiety and sexual urges while speeding up associations – accompanied by several somatic symptoms (increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased body temperature, etc.), which can therefore lead to impaired judgement, behavioural problems, comprehension difficulties and mood swings, or even sleep disorders and loss of appetite. It can lead to abuse and harmful effects equivalent to those of stimulants similar to amphetamine. Its overdose may induce psychosis. 114. N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-(1methylethyl)-2-(1-pentyl-1Hindol-3-yl)-4-thiazolmethanamine N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(1-pentyl1H-indol-3-yl)-4-thiazol-methanamine It is the same as the PTI-2 compound, which is a synthetic cannabinoid with a structure based on an indole ring similar to PTI-1 containing a thiazole group selective for the CB1 receptor. Similarly to JWH-018, it is a potent CB1 agonist. As a CB1 agonist, it can theoretically cause addiction. Administration thereof may cause sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension, hypothermia, vomiting, tachycardia, extrapyramidal movement disorder and hyperkinesia. Its 3 use can lead to comprehension difficulties and mood swings, which can presumably cause impaired judgement and behavioural problems. It can induce psychotic visual and auditory hallucinations. 115. N,N-diethyl-2-(1-pentyl-1Hindol-3-yl)-4-thiazolmethanamine N,N-diethyl-2-(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-thiazolmethanamine Similarly to JWH-018, this compound is a synthetic cannabinoid and acts as a potent synthetic agonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Regular stimulation of this receptor causes addiction in 6–10 % of cases. High dosage can typically trigger cannabis effects together with comprehension difficulties and mood swings. It can induce psychotic visual and auditory hallucinations. With an indole-based thiazole structure, PTI-1 is the analogue of the PTI-2 compound. 116. alpha-PBT; alfa-PBT; a-PBT; αPyrrolidinobutiothiophenone 2-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)butan-1-one It is a synthetic cathinone, the structural analogue of α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) that has a thiofuran group in place of the phenyl group. It appeared on the market as a substitute for α-PVP. Being a structural analogue of α-PVP, it can likewise cause stimulation of the central nervous system, agitation, aggression, psychotic symptoms and cardiotoxic effects. Higher doses can lead to motor restlessness, paranoia and hallucinations. An NDRI mechanism of action can be assumed, which makes it related to MDPV with an effect that mobilises dopamine, which can cause addiction. It produces effects similar to several substances listed in psychotropic schedules (e.g. amphetamine, cathine, cathinone). 117. Diclazepam, 2-Chlorodiazepam, Ro5-3448 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro2H- 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one It is a benzodiazepine designer drug and an analogue of diazepam. However, according to literature, its effect is almost 10 times stronger than that of diazepam. It has a sedato-hypnotic effect, depressing the central nervous system. It can also relieve anxiety and cause sedative, highly anticonvulsant and highly anaesthetic effects, and amnesia while impairing judgement. Even small doses can abnormally affect motor coordination. One consumer claimed on the Internet that following administration he ‘apathetically laid around for hours, and was not bothered at all’. As a result of accumulation due to the prolonged half-life of the parent compound and the active metabolites, the risk of overdose is high. Similarly to other benzodiazepines, it can cause addiction, while regular administration can lead to significant physical and mental dependence. 118. Diphenidine, 1,2diphenylethylpiperidine; DPD; 1,2-DEP; DIPH 1-(1,2-Diphenylethyl)piperidine 4 This compound is an antagonist blocking the NMDA receptor, and thus it is a dissociative anaesthetic similar to ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP). This compound can produce several physical and mental effects (sensational and perceptual malfunctions, memory impairment, depression of the central nervous system, euphoria, hallucinations, depersonalisation, neurotoxic symptoms), and can therefore significantly alter judgement and behaviour. According to literature, smaller doses have a stimulating effect, whereas higher doses make the consumer perceive bizarre phenomena as if they were having an out-of-body experience while even losing control of their behaviour. Doses of over 100 mg inevitably cause dissociative effects; due to these effects, the drug can cause addiction, which can lead to abuse. In Sweden, there were 9 cases of intoxication related to this compound, and there have been many seizures throughout Europe. 119. MTTA; MTA; Mephtetramine 2-[(Methylamino)methyl]-3,4-dihydronaphthalen1(2H)-one This compound is a selective norepinephrine receptor inhibitor, whose structure can be derived from both cathinone and ethylone, being the substituted analogue of each. These are amphetamine-type stimulants. Users also mention stimulating effects and abnormal vision. Being a stimulant, it can cause stimulation of the central nervous system, and thus change behaviour, judgement and comprehension. Based on seizures and other online websites for users, it can mostly be found together with other psychoactive compounds. 120. Nitracaine 3-(Diethylamino)-2,2-dimethylpropyl 4nitrobenzoate It has a structure similar to dimethocaine listed in Schedule P, thus it is a local anaesthetic with a cocaine-like effect, which presumably blocks the dopamine transporter. The latter mechanism of action makes users prone to becoming quickly and highly addicted. Since it increases the central catecholamine (dopamine and noradrenaline) tone, it has an especially stimulating effect. The substance causes stimulation of the central nervous system, and thus changes behaviour, judgement and comprehension. 121. EG-018 (naphthalen-1-yl) (9-pentyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methanone This compound is a carboxy-naphthoylindole derivative with a structure similar to JWH-018 listed in Schedule P, but it nevertheless differs from it because it contains a carbazole ring instead of an indole ring system. Due to its structure, it acts as an agonist of the cannabinoid receptor. It can have an effect on the central nervous system similar to JWH-018. It causes hallucinations, whose KIR effect can change judgement and comprehension, leading to significant changes in behaviour. Cases of poisoning have been reported from Germany. 5