ibogaine: a review
... (NIDA) has given significant support to animal research, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Phase I studies in humans. Evidence for ibogaine’s effectiveness includes a substantial preclinical literature on reduced drug self-administration and withdrawal in animals, and case ...
... (NIDA) has given significant support to animal research, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Phase I studies in humans. Evidence for ibogaine’s effectiveness includes a substantial preclinical literature on reduced drug self-administration and withdrawal in animals, and case ...
Adenine Nucleotides Undergo Rapid, Quantitative Conversion to
... The existence in brain of multiple subtypes of extracellular adenosine receptors, physiological responses linked to activation of those receptors, the normal presence of adenosine in the extracellular space, and the marked increases in adenosine that can occur under various conditions (e.g., hypoxia ...
... The existence in brain of multiple subtypes of extracellular adenosine receptors, physiological responses linked to activation of those receptors, the normal presence of adenosine in the extracellular space, and the marked increases in adenosine that can occur under various conditions (e.g., hypoxia ...
IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AS ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS Laura Guasch Pàmies
... [15]. Agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor (PPAR), thiazolidinediones, are able to reduce insulin resistance but are under intense scrutiny because of concerns with their safety. In fact, the use of rosiglitazone has now been severely restricted in the US and has been c ...
... [15]. Agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor (PPAR), thiazolidinediones, are able to reduce insulin resistance but are under intense scrutiny because of concerns with their safety. In fact, the use of rosiglitazone has now been severely restricted in the US and has been c ...
Reviews Essential Tremor - Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic
... potential tremorlytic mechanisms also exist. Felbamate (tremor response unknown) also increases receptor density but has not been evaluated for tremor and is seldom used. The GABA-A agonist progabide failed to improve tremor,44,45 although the GABA-A agonist muscimol improved tremor when injected di ...
... potential tremorlytic mechanisms also exist. Felbamate (tremor response unknown) also increases receptor density but has not been evaluated for tremor and is seldom used. The GABA-A agonist progabide failed to improve tremor,44,45 although the GABA-A agonist muscimol improved tremor when injected di ...
Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: An Update on Pharmacology and
... A further study evaluated the effect of products of the in vitro autoxidation of salvinorin A. The main product of the neutral fraction after basic cleavage with 1 M KOH in methanol was an enedione. The major product in the base-soluble fraction was the 1,2-secotriester. Both the enedione and 1,2-se ...
... A further study evaluated the effect of products of the in vitro autoxidation of salvinorin A. The main product of the neutral fraction after basic cleavage with 1 M KOH in methanol was an enedione. The major product in the base-soluble fraction was the 1,2-secotriester. Both the enedione and 1,2-se ...
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF OPIOIDS, STIMULANTS, AND
... is that both the N-methyl and N-cyclopropylmethyl analogs are mu agonists, whereas N-cyclopropylmethyl substitution generally leads to mu antagonists. Thus, both the N-methyl NIH 11149 and its Ncyclopropylmethyl analog, NIH 11150, were active as antinociceptive agents, albeit with the Ncyclopropylme ...
... is that both the N-methyl and N-cyclopropylmethyl analogs are mu agonists, whereas N-cyclopropylmethyl substitution generally leads to mu antagonists. Thus, both the N-methyl NIH 11149 and its Ncyclopropylmethyl analog, NIH 11150, were active as antinociceptive agents, albeit with the Ncyclopropylme ...
Discriminative Stimulus Properties of MDMA
... MDMA has been largely overlooked. The broad aims of these experiments were 1) to test the ability of two different doses of MDMA to support drug discrimination learning, and 2) to determine the role of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter systems in producing the discriminative stimul ...
... MDMA has been largely overlooked. The broad aims of these experiments were 1) to test the ability of two different doses of MDMA to support drug discrimination learning, and 2) to determine the role of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter systems in producing the discriminative stimul ...
Dopamine-Serotonin System Stabilizer
... Aripiprazole, a novel antipsychotic agent, is assumed to be a “dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer”. According to preclinical studies, aripiprazole exerts partial agonistic action on D2 and 5-HT1A receptors. Thus, it may block a receptor if it is overstimulated and stimulate a receptor when activit ...
... Aripiprazole, a novel antipsychotic agent, is assumed to be a “dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer”. According to preclinical studies, aripiprazole exerts partial agonistic action on D2 and 5-HT1A receptors. Thus, it may block a receptor if it is overstimulated and stimulate a receptor when activit ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: Physiology, Pharmacology, And
... involved in regulating autonomic nervous system function. Other hypothalamic nuclei that contain CRF cell bodies include the medial preoptic area, dorsomedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus, posterior hypothalamus, and mammillary nuclei. The neocortex contains primarily CRF interneurons with bipolar, vert ...
... involved in regulating autonomic nervous system function. Other hypothalamic nuclei that contain CRF cell bodies include the medial preoptic area, dorsomedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus, posterior hypothalamus, and mammillary nuclei. The neocortex contains primarily CRF interneurons with bipolar, vert ...
3. Results
... neurons (Deutch et al., 1993; Herz, 1997), and the increase of extracellular DA concentrations in the NAcc, are known to be the key function for mediating alcoholinduced reinforcement (Koob, 1992). The first reports that systemic ethanol administration stimulates DA release in the NAcc, appeared in ...
... neurons (Deutch et al., 1993; Herz, 1997), and the increase of extracellular DA concentrations in the NAcc, are known to be the key function for mediating alcoholinduced reinforcement (Koob, 1992). The first reports that systemic ethanol administration stimulates DA release in the NAcc, appeared in ...
SDZ HTF 919 Stimulates Canine Colonic Motility and Transit In Vivo
... mediation of visceral afferent signaling, as in the emesis associated with chemotherapy (Cubeddu, 1992). 5-HT-containing neurons are found in the colon of several species, such as rodents and mammals, and four distinct receptor subtypes as well as two less well-characterized categories are recognize ...
... mediation of visceral afferent signaling, as in the emesis associated with chemotherapy (Cubeddu, 1992). 5-HT-containing neurons are found in the colon of several species, such as rodents and mammals, and four distinct receptor subtypes as well as two less well-characterized categories are recognize ...
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
... Although the term “stress” commonly bears a negative meaning, an acute stress response is one of the most important mechanisms of an organism to adapt appropriately to challenges and threats in the environment. An acute stress response results in immediate behavioral and physiological changes includ ...
... Although the term “stress” commonly bears a negative meaning, an acute stress response is one of the most important mechanisms of an organism to adapt appropriately to challenges and threats in the environment. An acute stress response results in immediate behavioral and physiological changes includ ...
Neural mechanisms underlying morphine withdrawal in addicted
... and vomiting are very common. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate increase over the acute withdrawal period. As well as to muscle spasms, severe pain in the bones and muscles of the back and extremities will be appeared. A suitable narcoticmay be administered to reverse the withdraw ...
... and vomiting are very common. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate increase over the acute withdrawal period. As well as to muscle spasms, severe pain in the bones and muscles of the back and extremities will be appeared. A suitable narcoticmay be administered to reverse the withdraw ...
Dopamine and Benzodiazepine-Dependent Mechanisms
... Chiara and Imperato, 1985), have also been indirectly inferred/investigated via the use of locomotor activational effects (Wise and Bozarth, 1987; Koob and Bloom, 1988; Phillips et al, 1998). In general, these studies have hypothesized that the locomotor activational effects in mice may be a putativ ...
... Chiara and Imperato, 1985), have also been indirectly inferred/investigated via the use of locomotor activational effects (Wise and Bozarth, 1987; Koob and Bloom, 1988; Phillips et al, 1998). In general, these studies have hypothesized that the locomotor activational effects in mice may be a putativ ...
(NP) Rats
... proximately 10 to 20 times more pote nt tha n ROl5-4S13 in attenua ting EtO H intake. The results with DMCM, a full negative a llosteric mod ula to r of CI\ BAergic activity (Richards e t a l. 1991), showed tha t, a ltho ug h it was ca· pablc of decreasing EtOH intake, the reduction appeared to be p ...
... proximately 10 to 20 times more pote nt tha n ROl5-4S13 in attenua ting EtO H intake. The results with DMCM, a full negative a llosteric mod ula to r of CI\ BAergic activity (Richards e t a l. 1991), showed tha t, a ltho ug h it was ca· pablc of decreasing EtOH intake, the reduction appeared to be p ...
Pharmacological Characterization of Nicotine`s Interaction with
... and 3b-phenyltropane cocaine analogs on various pharmacological effects of nicotine (antinociception, hypothermia, seizures, drug discrimination, and motor impairment) in animals was examined and correlated with their affinity to different neurotransmitter transporters. Such a wide range of nicotini ...
... and 3b-phenyltropane cocaine analogs on various pharmacological effects of nicotine (antinociception, hypothermia, seizures, drug discrimination, and motor impairment) in animals was examined and correlated with their affinity to different neurotransmitter transporters. Such a wide range of nicotini ...
Ultra-Low Dose Antagonist Effects on Cannabinoids and Opioids in Models... Is Less More? By
... broaden the knowledge of the ultra-low dose effect, that was previously identified in the opioid receptor system, by looking at whether opioids and cannabinoids interact at the ultra-low dose level, whether cannabinoid receptors themselves demonstrate the ultra-low dose antagonist effect, and whethe ...
... broaden the knowledge of the ultra-low dose effect, that was previously identified in the opioid receptor system, by looking at whether opioids and cannabinoids interact at the ultra-low dose level, whether cannabinoid receptors themselves demonstrate the ultra-low dose antagonist effect, and whethe ...
"Opioids in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus stimulate ethanol intake."
... ethanol without food or water available. As an anatomical control for drug reflux, injections were made 2 mm dorsal to the PVN. Results: A main result was a significant increase in ethanol intake induced by PVN injection of morphine. The opposite effect was produced by m-naloxone. The effects of morph ...
... ethanol without food or water available. As an anatomical control for drug reflux, injections were made 2 mm dorsal to the PVN. Results: A main result was a significant increase in ethanol intake induced by PVN injection of morphine. The opposite effect was produced by m-naloxone. The effects of morph ...
pharmacological manipulation of cb1 receptor
... The results also suggest that CP-55,940 differentially affected EtOH-exposed and control mice. A significant reduction in the duration of sedation in control mice treated with CP-55,940 relative to vehicle-treated controls (mean ± SEM = ...
... The results also suggest that CP-55,940 differentially affected EtOH-exposed and control mice. A significant reduction in the duration of sedation in control mice treated with CP-55,940 relative to vehicle-treated controls (mean ± SEM = ...
Pobierz PDF - Problems of Forensic Sciences
... described by Murphy and others [6]. This compound is mainly taken due to its stimulating properties, although accounts by persons using this substance in quantities of about 25 mg also contained descriptions of a “pleasant state of intoxication” and other effects, including headache with accompanyin ...
... described by Murphy and others [6]. This compound is mainly taken due to its stimulating properties, although accounts by persons using this substance in quantities of about 25 mg also contained descriptions of a “pleasant state of intoxication” and other effects, including headache with accompanyin ...
Exercise and Neural Function Take Home Messages
... b. Exercise reduces path length and latency to find goal 2. Exercise (voluntary wheel running) stimulates cell proliferation in dentate gyrus (DG) a. Not seen in rats in and enriched environment, or swimmers b. Cell survival is increased in both exercising animals and those in an enriched environmen ...
... b. Exercise reduces path length and latency to find goal 2. Exercise (voluntary wheel running) stimulates cell proliferation in dentate gyrus (DG) a. Not seen in rats in and enriched environment, or swimmers b. Cell survival is increased in both exercising animals and those in an enriched environmen ...
Pharmacology of anabolic steroids
... effects of androgens can be enhanced but, even so, these cannot be divorced entirely from their androgenic effects. Hence, a more accurate term for anabolic steroids is anabolic–androgenic steroids, but, for simplicity, the shorter term is used within this paper. The disassociation of anabolic from ...
... effects of androgens can be enhanced but, even so, these cannot be divorced entirely from their androgenic effects. Hence, a more accurate term for anabolic steroids is anabolic–androgenic steroids, but, for simplicity, the shorter term is used within this paper. The disassociation of anabolic from ...