Atrial fibrillation: the management of atrial fibrillation
... This guideline updates and replaces 'Atrial fibrillation' (NICE clinical guideline 36). See About this guideline for details. Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and estimates suggest its prevalence is increasing. If left untreated atrial fibrillation is a significan ...
... This guideline updates and replaces 'Atrial fibrillation' (NICE clinical guideline 36). See About this guideline for details. Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and estimates suggest its prevalence is increasing. If left untreated atrial fibrillation is a significan ...
PDF Full-text
... wells of a 96 well microtiter plate containing final concentrations (9.375–300 µg/mL) of artesunate, artemisinin, and anti-Mtb first-line drugs (1.25–5 µg/mL), and growth controls containing no anti-Mtb first-line drugs and blank controls without inoculation were also included. The 96 well-plates, c ...
... wells of a 96 well microtiter plate containing final concentrations (9.375–300 µg/mL) of artesunate, artemisinin, and anti-Mtb first-line drugs (1.25–5 µg/mL), and growth controls containing no anti-Mtb first-line drugs and blank controls without inoculation were also included. The 96 well-plates, c ...
Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Profile of Valsartan: A Review
... is used in treatment of hypertension. It was first developed by Novartis and has a wide market in the developed and the developing countries. It is also available in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. It is a lipophilic drug and possesses moderate onset of action than other drugs of the ...
... is used in treatment of hypertension. It was first developed by Novartis and has a wide market in the developed and the developing countries. It is also available in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. It is a lipophilic drug and possesses moderate onset of action than other drugs of the ...
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral oxycodone in
... O-demethylation of codeine has been shown to account for most, if not all, of the analgesic activity of codeine.6,7 Oxymorphone is a remarkably potent -opioid ligand, with 2 to 5 times higher -opioid receptor affinity and in vivo analgesic potency than morphine.8 –11 However, recent data showed th ...
... O-demethylation of codeine has been shown to account for most, if not all, of the analgesic activity of codeine.6,7 Oxymorphone is a remarkably potent -opioid ligand, with 2 to 5 times higher -opioid receptor affinity and in vivo analgesic potency than morphine.8 –11 However, recent data showed th ...
Reviews Essential Tremor - Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic
... these. TPA023, a GABA-A alpha-2, three subtype-selective partial agonist, did show relatively little effect on tremor, at least compared with ethanol.36 GABA-A receptors containing alpha-4 and alpha-6 units are also insensitive to benzodiazepines.23 Barbiturates such as phenobarbital, and probably p ...
... these. TPA023, a GABA-A alpha-2, three subtype-selective partial agonist, did show relatively little effect on tremor, at least compared with ethanol.36 GABA-A receptors containing alpha-4 and alpha-6 units are also insensitive to benzodiazepines.23 Barbiturates such as phenobarbital, and probably p ...
Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: An Update on Pharmacology and
... olism of salvinorin A or of other compounds in the plant that exhibit an antidepressant activity. If salvinorin A is metabolized to an either active or inactive metabolite, then the binding affinity and the pharmacological profile studied in vitro are at jeopardy. A further study evaluated the effec ...
... olism of salvinorin A or of other compounds in the plant that exhibit an antidepressant activity. If salvinorin A is metabolized to an either active or inactive metabolite, then the binding affinity and the pharmacological profile studied in vitro are at jeopardy. A further study evaluated the effec ...
Pharmacological effects of meldonium: Biochemical mechanisms
... CrAT regulates the ratio between acetyl-CoA and free CoA (Fig. 1). Initially, it was thought that meldonium inhibits CrAT and can foster mitochondrial metabolism processes by increasing acetyl-CoA availability [26]. It was later shown that meldonium is a very weak CrAT inhibitor (Table 1) with a Ki ...
... CrAT regulates the ratio between acetyl-CoA and free CoA (Fig. 1). Initially, it was thought that meldonium inhibits CrAT and can foster mitochondrial metabolism processes by increasing acetyl-CoA availability [26]. It was later shown that meldonium is a very weak CrAT inhibitor (Table 1) with a Ki ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: Physiology, Pharmacology, And
... addition, the known members of this neuropeptide receptor family also belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors; thus far, all have been shown to stimulate adenylate cyclase in response to their respective agonist activation. The CRF1 receptor was cloned first from a human Cushing’s c ...
... addition, the known members of this neuropeptide receptor family also belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors; thus far, all have been shown to stimulate adenylate cyclase in response to their respective agonist activation. The CRF1 receptor was cloned first from a human Cushing’s c ...
The Safety of Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) and its
... observed in blood pressure, while ECG alterations were significant after 10 days of treatment. Unfortunately, the chemical composition of the bitter orange extract was not reported other than the p‐synephrine content. Parra et al. (2001) determined the LD50 of various plant extracts including C. aura ...
... observed in blood pressure, while ECG alterations were significant after 10 days of treatment. Unfortunately, the chemical composition of the bitter orange extract was not reported other than the p‐synephrine content. Parra et al. (2001) determined the LD50 of various plant extracts including C. aura ...
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE SECTION I: COCAINE
... substance separates from the solution. This solid substance is the cocaine base. Because freebase cocaine is significantly purer than coca paste or powder cocaine, many users believed that it was a healthier form of the drug. Even though an estimated 10 to 20 percent of the cocaine-abusing populatio ...
... substance separates from the solution. This solid substance is the cocaine base. Because freebase cocaine is significantly purer than coca paste or powder cocaine, many users believed that it was a healthier form of the drug. Even though an estimated 10 to 20 percent of the cocaine-abusing populatio ...
Losartan Potassium
... Losartan potassium is an orally active, nonpeptide angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonist. It is the first of a new class of drugs to be introduced for clinical use in hypertension. This novel agent binds competitively and selectively to the AII subtype 1 (AT1) receptor, thereby blocking AII-induc ...
... Losartan potassium is an orally active, nonpeptide angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonist. It is the first of a new class of drugs to be introduced for clinical use in hypertension. This novel agent binds competitively and selectively to the AII subtype 1 (AT1) receptor, thereby blocking AII-induc ...
2009 St Johns Wort Quality Issues and Active Compounds
... of phase I proteins for rutin, which would lead to an increased bioavailability of simultaneously administered active SJW compounds ...
... of phase I proteins for rutin, which would lead to an increased bioavailability of simultaneously administered active SJW compounds ...
Actions of bufalin and cinobufotalin, two bufadienolides respectively
... the addition of non-labelled ouabain, bufalin and cinobufotalin are shown in Fig. 1.All nine blood samples were tested separately over the range 10-9-10-6 mol/l for ouabain and cinobufotalin and 10- l o - l O - h mol/l for bufalin. The curve with bufalin is shifted to the left compared with that of ...
... the addition of non-labelled ouabain, bufalin and cinobufotalin are shown in Fig. 1.All nine blood samples were tested separately over the range 10-9-10-6 mol/l for ouabain and cinobufotalin and 10- l o - l O - h mol/l for bufalin. The curve with bufalin is shifted to the left compared with that of ...
6-keto, 7,8
... potency, sufentanil produces less respiratory depression at effective anesthetic doses. Sufentanil is available in an intravenous dosage form, and it is used for anesthetic procedures. It has a faster onset and shorter duration of action than fentenyl. The shorter duration of action is due to redi ...
... potency, sufentanil produces less respiratory depression at effective anesthetic doses. Sufentanil is available in an intravenous dosage form, and it is used for anesthetic procedures. It has a faster onset and shorter duration of action than fentenyl. The shorter duration of action is due to redi ...
... axon terminals (Pfitzer, 2005). In some experiments CB1 receptor agonists have been reported not to inhibit but to enhance the release of certain neurotransmitters. However, it is possible that these effects also result from a CB receptor-mediated inhibitory effect on neurotransmitter release result ...
Studies and Comparisons with Placebo
... is more effective in this regard than propranolol at comparable ß-blocking doses. Carvedilol also protects against neuronal damage in in vitro and in vivo models of brain ischaemia and has antiproliferative effects in vascular smooth muscle in vitro. Single oral doses of carvedilol as low as 12.5mg ...
... is more effective in this regard than propranolol at comparable ß-blocking doses. Carvedilol also protects against neuronal damage in in vitro and in vivo models of brain ischaemia and has antiproliferative effects in vascular smooth muscle in vitro. Single oral doses of carvedilol as low as 12.5mg ...
pharmacology basic principles
... Coupling: the transduction process between occupying receptors and drug response; effect of full agonists are more efficiently coupled to receptor occupancy than partial agonists; also determined by biochemical events that transduce receptor occupancy cellular response Spare receptors: When max re ...
... Coupling: the transduction process between occupying receptors and drug response; effect of full agonists are more efficiently coupled to receptor occupancy than partial agonists; also determined by biochemical events that transduce receptor occupancy cellular response Spare receptors: When max re ...
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH COMBIGAN®
... Results from pivotal trials indicate that the mean change from baseline IOP was significantly lower (p < 0.001) with COMBIGAN® than with either brimonidine tartrate alone or timolol maleate alone for both patients with diabetes and those without diabetes. See Warnings and Precautions for considerati ...
... Results from pivotal trials indicate that the mean change from baseline IOP was significantly lower (p < 0.001) with COMBIGAN® than with either brimonidine tartrate alone or timolol maleate alone for both patients with diabetes and those without diabetes. See Warnings and Precautions for considerati ...
REVIEWS
... factors. It can be aggravated or induced by drugs. Objectives: To identify the major drugs implicated in inducing or exacerbating psoriasis and to discuss their characteristics. Methods: We performed a PubMed literature search for reviews and case reports on drugs that exacerbate or induce psoriasis ...
... factors. It can be aggravated or induced by drugs. Objectives: To identify the major drugs implicated in inducing or exacerbating psoriasis and to discuss their characteristics. Methods: We performed a PubMed literature search for reviews and case reports on drugs that exacerbate or induce psoriasis ...
Cardiovascular adverse effects of metoclopramide: Review of literature
... autoreceptors and enhanced catecholamine release [14, 42]; 3) other actions caused by enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission [5]; or 4) 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT3) receptor blockade or 5 HT4 receptor agonism [43]. Support for a mechanism involving a direct effect of metoclopramide on the hea ...
... autoreceptors and enhanced catecholamine release [14, 42]; 3) other actions caused by enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission [5]; or 4) 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT3) receptor blockade or 5 HT4 receptor agonism [43]. Support for a mechanism involving a direct effect of metoclopramide on the hea ...
Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in
... affects enzyme inhibitory selectivity by 2- to 5-fold.23 The primary use of D as an isostere of H in drug discovery has historically focused on taking advantage of the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) to assist in the elucidation of metabolic pathways of drug molecules.24-26 However, an appreciation of ...
... affects enzyme inhibitory selectivity by 2- to 5-fold.23 The primary use of D as an isostere of H in drug discovery has historically focused on taking advantage of the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) to assist in the elucidation of metabolic pathways of drug molecules.24-26 However, an appreciation of ...
product monograph isoptin sr
... heart rate, induction of heart failure and potentiated hypotension). Asymptomatic bradycardia (< 36 beats/minute) with a wandering atrial pacemaker has been observed in a patient receiving concomitant timolol (a beta-adrenergic blocker) eye drops and oral verapamil hydrochloride. See (DRUG INTERACTI ...
... heart rate, induction of heart failure and potentiated hypotension). Asymptomatic bradycardia (< 36 beats/minute) with a wandering atrial pacemaker has been observed in a patient receiving concomitant timolol (a beta-adrenergic blocker) eye drops and oral verapamil hydrochloride. See (DRUG INTERACTI ...
Introduction
... brain is consistent with the ability of cannabinoids to alter pain perception, affect motor function, impair cognition and memory, and stimulate feeding (Hohmann and Herkenham, 2000; Herkenham et al., 1990; Matsuda et al., 1993; Freund et al., 2003). Those actions are effectively inhibited by the CB ...
... brain is consistent with the ability of cannabinoids to alter pain perception, affect motor function, impair cognition and memory, and stimulate feeding (Hohmann and Herkenham, 2000; Herkenham et al., 1990; Matsuda et al., 1993; Freund et al., 2003). Those actions are effectively inhibited by the CB ...
Pharmacologically Active Drug Metabolites: Impact on Drug
... metabolizer; fu, fraction unbound in plasma; HMGCoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; HPLC-MS, high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; 5-HT, serotonin; IC50, ligand concentration yielding 50% of the maximum response; Kp,uu, ratio of unbound drug concentration within a tissue to ...
... metabolizer; fu, fraction unbound in plasma; HMGCoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; HPLC-MS, high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; 5-HT, serotonin; IC50, ligand concentration yielding 50% of the maximum response; Kp,uu, ratio of unbound drug concentration within a tissue to ...