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“Psychoactive substances present in Salvia divinorum acquired in
“Psychoactive substances present in Salvia divinorum acquired in

Neuroscience of psychoactive substance use and dependence
Neuroscience of psychoactive substance use and dependence

ADHD: CT Studies
ADHD: CT Studies

... • lower levels of homovanillic acid (HVA), dopamine metabolite in CSF of ADHD compared to controls • Executive function impairments caused by hypofrontality secondary to structural, biochemical changes in prefrontal cortex • Genetic studies showing associations with DAT1, DRD4 - 7 repeat alleles • N ...
Adenine Nucleotides Undergo Rapid, Quantitative Conversion to
Adenine Nucleotides Undergo Rapid, Quantitative Conversion to

... The existence in brain of multiple subtypes of extracellular adenosine receptors, physiological responses linked to activation of those receptors, the normal presence of adenosine in the extracellular space, and the marked increases in adenosine that can occur under various conditions (e.g., hypoxia ...
ibogaine: a review
ibogaine: a review

Dynorphin A1–13 Stimulates Ovine Fetal Pituitary
Dynorphin A1–13 Stimulates Ovine Fetal Pituitary

Contrasting Actions of Lanthanum on Different Recombinant
Contrasting Actions of Lanthanum on Different Recombinant

... Multipuffer system to apply a range of different concentrations of drugs. To enable fast application of a number of different concentrations and types of drug, a multipuffer application system was designed in the laboratory (17). Briefly, it consisted of a T-tube device with inlet and outlet ports f ...
Mash-Summary-Ibogain..
Mash-Summary-Ibogain..

BAX 855, a PEGylated rFVIII product with prolonged half-life
BAX 855, a PEGylated rFVIII product with prolonged half-life

... to yield a rFVIII conjugate with a low PEGylation degree of about 2 moles PEG per FVIII molecule. This optimised modification degree resulted in an improved PK profile for rFVIII without compromising its specific activity. PEGylation sites were identified by employing various HPLC- and MS-based meth ...
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE SECTION I: COCAINE
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE SECTION I: COCAINE

... 4.1.4.1. Freebase Cocaine Freebase cocaine is derived from powder cocaine that has been dissolved in water and a strong alkaloid solution, typically ammonia. Ether or another organic solvent is added, and a solid substance separates from the solution. This solid substance is the cocaine base. Becaus ...
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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral oxycodone in

The Relationship between Drug-Induced Neurogenesis and Pain Behavior in Mice.
The Relationship between Drug-Induced Neurogenesis and Pain Behavior in Mice.

... other senses by rendering the sufferer unable to focus on anything else. Pain is also arguably more adaptive than the other senses because it serves as a warning and helps to direct behavior to avoid painful stimuli. Those individuals who are born with one of a handful of rare conditions in which th ...
The Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Drug Addiction
The Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Drug Addiction

... clinical populations resembles physiological and behavioral changes associated with responses to stressors, which are linked to brain CRF activation (Koob and Heinrichs, 1999). Third, exposure to stressors is associated with increased drug-taking behavior and relapse to drugs in both humans (Shiffma ...
Comparison of Inhaled Corticosteroids: An Update
Comparison of Inhaled Corticosteroids: An Update

Understanding the Mechanisms of Action of Methotrexate
Understanding the Mechanisms of Action of Methotrexate

... fibrosis, lethargy, fatigue, and renal insufficiency. Since adenosine, acting on adenosine receptors, plays an important role in antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate, many studies have investigated the role of the adenosine pathway in methotrexate toxicities. Information from these studies is im ...


Neuroscience of psychoactive substance use and dependence Neur
Neuroscience of psychoactive substance use and dependence Neur

... 8.9% of the total burden of disease comes from the use of psychoactive substances. The report showed that tobacco accounted for 4.1%, alcohol 4%, and illicit drugs 0.8% of the burden of disease in 2000. Much of the burden attributable to substance use and dependence is the result of a wide variety o ...
Synthetic cannabinoids in herbal products
Synthetic cannabinoids in herbal products

... 1 Introduction and chemistry of synthetic cannabinoids ....................................................................................... 3   1.1 Emergence of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal products ................................................................................ 3  1.2 Defini ...
Clenbuterol handbook - Bodybuilding.com Forums
Clenbuterol handbook - Bodybuilding.com Forums

... in increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat loss in animals. The problem with the variation in anabolic effects between humans and livestock is that livestock have an abundance of the type 3 beta receptors whereas humans have little if any of the type 3 beta receptors. These beta-3 receptors increa ...
Cox-2-Selective Inhibitors: The New Super Aspirins
Cox-2-Selective Inhibitors: The New Super Aspirins

Dopamine-Serotonin System Stabilizer
Dopamine-Serotonin System Stabilizer

... Aripiprazole, a novel antipsychotic agent, is assumed to be a “dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer”. According to preclinical studies, aripiprazole exerts partial agonistic action on D2 and 5-HT1A receptors. Thus, it may block a receptor if it is overstimulated and stimulate a receptor when activit ...
Advances in and applications of proteasome inhibitors
Advances in and applications of proteasome inhibitors

... Salinosporamide A (NPI-0052) from the marine actinomycete Salinispora tropica [22,23] is currently in phase I human clinical trials for the treatment of multiple myeloma and other cancers. Studies of this natural product have shown enhanced potency over omuralide against the chymotrypsin-like protea ...
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors

... 1. Stress and its physiological systems Hans Selye, the founder of the modern stress concept, stated “everybody knows what stress is and nobody knows what it is” (Selye, 1973). In spite of its frequent use, the word “stress” is at best an ambiguous term. In fact, it has been used to describe both wh ...
Reviews Essential Tremor - Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic
Reviews Essential Tremor - Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic

Intracranial Self-Stimulation to Evaluate Abuse Potential of Drugs
Intracranial Self-Stimulation to Evaluate Abuse Potential of Drugs

... • ICSS results can be used to rank relative abuse potential of drugs. • ICSS results correlate well with data from drug self-administration procedures. • ICSS has advantages that make it a useful complement to drug self-administration. • There is ample opportunity for future research to refine and e ...
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Nicotinic agonist



A nicotinic agonist is a drug that mimics the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The nAChR is named for its affinity for nicotine.Examples include nicotine (by definition), acetylcholine (the endogenous agonist of nAChRs), choline, epibatidine, lobeline, varenicline and cytisine.
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